python版本升级

背景

在对centos机器升级Python版本从3.6到3.10后，pip安装出现了一些问题

[解决pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL问题]

操作

下载

在官方主站找到合适的版本，并下载 https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.10.6/Python-3.10.6.tgz

2、解压

解压
tar -xzvf Python-3.10.6.tgz

进入解压缩后的文件夹
cd Python-3.10.6

3、先在 /usr/local 建一个文件夹 python3 （ 作为python的安装路径，以免覆盖老的版本）

mkdir /usr/local/python3 

4、安装相关依赖

yum install gcc libffi-devel zlib* openssl-devel libffi-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make -y

5、开始编译安装

./configure --with-ssl --prefix=/usr/local/python3

make && make install 

配置软连接

删除旧版本的软链接

rm -rf ./python3
rm -rf ./pip3

再建立新版本python的链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

检查版本

  python -V

bug: 使用pip 命令失败

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.

原因：python之前版本需要的openssl的版本为1.0.2或者1.1.x,需要对openssl进行升级，并重新编译python，yum 安装的openssl 版本都比较低

升级openssl

https://www.openssl.org/source/

1.下载openssl

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1q.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1q.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1q

2.编译安装

./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib #不需要zlib
make && make install

3.备份原配置

mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak

4.新版配置

ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so
ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl

5.修改系统配置
写入openssl库文件的搜索路径
echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效
ldconfig -v
6.查看openssl版本
openssl version

最后到Python3.10文件夹下重新编译安装

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3  --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl
make && make install

成功！！！

[root@master Python-3.10.6]# python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.10/site-packages (22.2.1)
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-22.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.0 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.0/2.0 MB 406.5 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: pip
  Attempting uninstall: pip
    Found existing installation: pip 22.2.1
    Uninstalling pip-22.2.1:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-22.2.1
  WARNING: The scripts pip, pip3 and pip3.10 are installed in '/usr/local/python3/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed pip-22.2.2
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

下面的警告一个是建议不要使用root来运行Pip会弄乱系统的pip包，另一个是建议将python3加入到系统环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/python3/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

下面的警告一个是建议不要使用root来运行Pip会弄乱系统的pip包，另一个是建议将python3加入到系统环境变量

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/python3/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc