【Python】快速创建一个简易 HTTP 服务器（http.server）

from http.server import SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
from http.server import CGIHTTPRequestHandler
from http.server import ThreadingHTTPServer
from functools import partial
import contextlib
import sys
import os


class DualStackServer(ThreadingHTTPServer):
    def server_bind(self):
        # suppress exception when protocol is IPv4
        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IPV6, socket.IPV6_V6ONLY, 0)
        return super().server_bind()


def run(server_class=DualStackServer,
        handler_class=SimpleHTTPRequestHandler,
        port=8000,
        bind='127.0.0.1',
        cgi=False,
        directory=os.getcwd()):
    """Run an HTTP server on port 8000 (or the port argument).

    Args:
        server_class (_type_, optional): Class of server. Defaults to DualStackServer.
        handler_class (_type_, optional): Class of handler. Defaults to SimpleHTTPRequestHandler.
        port (int, optional): Specify alternate port. Defaults to 8000.
        bind (str, optional): Specify alternate bind address. Defaults to '127.0.0.1'.
        cgi (bool, optional): Run as CGI Server. Defaults to False.
        directory (_type_, optional): Specify alternative directory. Defaults to os.getcwd().
    """

    if cgi:
        handler_class = partial(CGIHTTPRequestHandler, directory=directory)
    else:
        handler_class = partial(SimpleHTTPRequestHandler, directory=directory)

    with server_class((bind, port), handler_class) as httpd:
        print(
            f"Serving HTTP on {bind} port {port} "
            f"(http://{bind}:{port}/) ..."
        )
        try:
            httpd.serve_forever()
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print("\nKeyboard interrupt received, exiting.")
            sys.exit(0)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run(port=8000, bind='127.0.0.1')

server_class：服务器类
handler_class：请求处理类
port：端口
bind：IP
cgi：是否启用 CGI 请求处理程序
directory：工作目录

实例

既然我们已经知道了 http.server 能够快速地创建一个 HTTP 服务器，那么它能应用到哪些项目场景？

小型 web 项目在局域网内的预览

web:.
├─index.html

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
    hello world
</body>
</html>