注意：本篇文章是基于清华大学出版社，陈强教授编写的《Python项目实战开发》一书来行文的，具体有写的不清楚的地方，建议参考陈强教授写的具体内容，若写的有错误的地方，欢迎大家及时指出，更改。同时，本文适用于有一定Python基础的同学阅读学习，能够理解一定的算法思想。
对于pygame模块不是很清楚的可以参考文章点击这里
目录
1.系统架构分析
1.1五子棋的基本棋型
对五子棋游戏来说，有常见的七种基本棋型：连五，活四，冲四，活三，眠三，活二，眠二。
①连五：顾名思义，五颗同色棋子连在一起。
②活四：有两个连五点（即有两个点可以形成五）。
③冲四：有一个连五点，均为冲四棋型。
④活三：可以形成活四的三，代表两种最基本的活三棋型。活三棋型是进攻中最常见的一种，因为活三之后，如果对方不以理会，将可以下一手将活三变成活四，而活四是已经无法单纯防守住了。所以，当面对活三的时候，需要非常谨慎对待。在自己没有更好的进攻手段的情况下，需要对其进行防守，以防止其形成可怕的活四棋型。
⑤眠三：只能够形成冲四的三。眠三的棋型与活三的棋型相比，危险系数下降不少，因为眠三棋型即使不去防守，下一手它也只能形成冲四，而对于单纯的冲四棋型，是可以防守住的。
⑥活二：能够形成活三的二，是三种基本的活二棋型。活二棋型看起来似乎很无害，因为下一手棋才能形成活三，等形成活三，再防守也不迟。但其实活二棋型是非常重要的，尤其是在开局阶段，形成较多的活二棋型的话，将活二变成活三时，才能够令自己的活三绵绵不绝微风里，让对手防不胜防。
⑦眠二：能够形成眠三的二。
1.2功能模块
根据五子棋的游戏规则和基本棋型分析项目架构，最终得出的功能模块如下图： 
2.具体实现
2.1设置基础参数
在实例文件中，会多次用到这些基础参数，例如：设置棋盘单元格的大小，棋盘的大小，按钮的位置和大小信息等，故将这些基础参数写在代码前面，如下：
# 基础参数设置
square_size = 40 # 单格的宽度（不是格数！是为了方便绘制棋盘用的变量
chess_size = square_size // 2 - 2 # 棋子大小
web_broad = 15 # 棋盘格数+1（nxn）
map_w = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘长度
map_h = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘高度
info_w = 60 # 按钮界面宽度
button_w = 120 # 按钮长宽
button_h = 45
screen_w = map_w # 总窗口长宽
screen_h = map_h + info_w2.2绘制棋盘
在实例文件中，使用如下MAP_ENUM和Map两个类，来绘制棋盘的界面。
在MAP_ENUM类中使用的数字表示当前格子的使用情况，
class MAP_ENUM(IntEnum): # 用数字表示当前格的情况
be_empty = 0, # 无人下
player1 = 1, # 玩家一，执白
player2 = 2, # 玩家二，执黑
out_of_range = 3, # 出界在Map类中，使用self.map初始化二维数组来表示棋盘的大小，该数组中的值与类MAP_ENUM中的值对应，0表示空，该处没人下棋，1表示玩家一下的棋（在实例中为白棋），2表示玩家二下的棋，3表示超出允许下棋的界面，用self.steps来按顺序保存一下的棋子。
class Map: # 地图类
def __init__(self, width, height): # 构造函数
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] # 存储棋盘的二维数组
self.steps = [] # 记录步骤先后
def get_init(self): # 重置棋盘
for y in range(self.height):
for x in range(self.width):
self.map[y][x] = 0
self.steps = []2.3编写函数intoNextTurn()
编写intoNextTurn()函数，意思是进入下一回合的比赛，交换下棋人。
def intoNextTurn(self, turn): # 进入下一回合，交换下棋人
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
return MAP_ENUM.player2
else:
return MAP_ENUM.player12.4编写函数getLocate()
编写getLocate()函数，功能是根据出入的下标返回棋子的具体位置。
def getLocate(self, x, y): # 输入下标，返回具体位置
map_x = x * square_size
map_y = y * square_size
return (map_x, map_y, square_size, square_size) # 返回位置信息2.5编写函数getIdex()
编写getIdex()函数，功能是根据输入的具体位置，返回棋子的下标。
def getIndex(self, map_x, map_y): # 输入具体位置，返回下标
x = map_x // square_size
y = map_y // square_size
return (x, y)2.6编写函数isInside()
编写isInside()函数，功能是判断当前位置是否在棋盘的有效位置，即没有出界。
def isInside(self, map_x, map_y): # 是否在有效范围内
if (map_x <= 0 or map_x >= map_w or
map_y <= 0 or map_y >= map_h):
return False
return True2.7编写函数isEmpty()
编写isEmpty()函数，功能是判断当前的格子是否已经存在棋子。
def isEmpty(self, x, y): # 当前格子是否已经有棋子
return (self.map[y][x] == 0)2.8编写函数printChessPiece()
编写printChessPiece()函数，功能是在棋盘中绘制已经下的棋子，并且会按照下棋的顺序加上序号，在绘制时会区分黑棋和白棋。
def printChessPiece(self, screen): # 绘制棋子
player_one = (255, 245, 238) # 象牙白
player_two = (41, 36, 33) # 烟灰
player_color = [player_one, player_two]
for i in range(len(self.steps)):
x, y = self.steps[i]
map_x, map_y, width, height = self.getLocate(x, y)
pos, radius = (map_x + width // 2, map_y + height // 2), chess_size
turn = self.map[y][x]
pygame.draw.circle(screen, player_color[turn - 1], pos, radius) # 画棋子
def drawBoard(self, screen): # 画棋盘
color = (0, 0, 0) # 线色
for y in range(self.height):
# 画横着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y), (
map_w - square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)
for x in range(self.width):
# 画竖着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2 + square_size * x, square_size // 2), (
square_size // 2 + square_size * x, map_h - square_size // 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)2.9实现AI功能
2.9.1方法分析
在文章的一开始，已经说明了，五子棋游戏有七种基本棋型，那么究竟如何记录棋盘上个的棋型个数呢？我们可以创建黑棋和白棋两个数组，记录棋盘上的黑棋和白棋分别形成的所有棋型的个数，然后按照一定的评分规则进行评分。本文的记录棋型的方法就是对整个棋盘进行遍历，对于每一个白棋或者黑棋，以它为中心，记录符合棋型的个数。具体诗仙女如下：
1）遍历棋盘上的每个点，对这个点所在的四个方向（水平，竖直，\，/）形成的四条线进行评估。
2）对于一条具体的线，以它为中心，取这条线为方向上的前后各四个点，组成一个长度为9的数组。
3）找出这个长度为9的数组里面和中心点相同颜色的棋子有多少，在进行下一次评估的时候要将在数组内的同色棋子排除，避免重复统计棋型。
4）根据棋盘上的黑棋和白棋的棋型信息，按照一定的评分规则进行评分。值得注意一点的是，在评分的时候要标记最后一步棋是什么颜色的，因为，假设，最后一步是黑棋下的（评分规则是黑棋得分-白棋得分），那么在相同棋型和相同个数的情况下，即评分相同，白棋会占优，因为下一步是白棋下。本实例按照下面的评分规则进行依次匹配：
黑棋连五，评分为10000，
白棋连五，评分为-10000，
黑棋有两个冲四，可以当成一个活四，
白棋有活四，评分为-9050，
白棋有冲四，评分为-9040，
黑棋有活四，评分为9030，
黑棋有冲四和活三，评分为9020，
黑棋没有冲四，且白棋有活三，评分为9010，
黑棋有2个活三，且白棋没有活三或眠三，评分为9000，
最后针对黑棋或者白棋的活三，眠三，活二，眠二的个数进行依次增加分数，具体评分值为（黑棋得分-白棋得分）。
2.9.2功能实现
有了上面的评分标准后，当轮到AI下棋的时候，只要针对当前的棋型，找到一个最有利的位置进行下棋即可。下面进行编写评估函数，来获取最有利的位置：
先遍历整个棋盘的每一个空点，并在这个空点上下棋，获取新的棋局评分，
如果是比之前更高的得分，则保存该位置，
然后将这个位置恢复为空点，
最后获取最高得分的位置。
在实例文件中，通过类MyChessAI实现AI的功能，实现流程如下：
1）使用构造函数试下初始化的功能，在数组record中记录所有位置的4个方向是否被检测过，使用二维数组count记录白棋和黑棋的棋型个数统计。通过position_isgreat方法给棋盘上的每个位置设置一个初始分数，越靠近棋盘中心，分数越高，这样在最初没有任何棋型的时候，AI会优先选择靠近中心的位置。
class MyChessAI():
def __init__(self, chess_len): # 构造函数
self.len = chess_len # 当前棋盘大小
# 二维数组，每一格存的是：横评分，纵评分，左斜评分，右斜评分
self.record = [[[0, 0, 0, 0] for i in range(chess_len)] for j in range(chess_len)]
# 存储当前格具体棋型数量
self.count = [[0 for i in range(SITUATION_NUM)] for j in range(2)]
# 位置分（同条件下越靠近棋盘中央越高）
self.position_isgreat = [
[(web_broad - max(abs(i - web_broad / 2 + 1), abs(j - web_broad / 2 + 1))) for i in range(chess_len)]
for j in range(chess_len)]
def get_init(self): # 初始化
for i in range(self.len):
for j in range(self.len):
for k in range(4):
self.record[i][j][k] = 0
for i in range(len(self.count)):
for j in range(len(self.count[0])):
self.count[i][j] = 0
self.save_count = 0
def isWin(self, board, turn): # 当前人胜利
return self.evaluate(board, turn, True)2）编写函数genmove()，功能是返回所有没有下棋的坐标（位置从好到坏）。
def genmove(self, board, turn):
moves = []
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == 0:
score = self.position_isgreat[y][x]
moves.append((score, x, y))
moves.sort(reverse=True)
return moves3）编写search()函数，功能是返回当前最优解的下标。先通过函数genmove()获取棋盘上所有的点，然后一次尝试，获得评分最高的位置，并且返回。
def search(self, board, turn):
moves = self.genmove(board, turn)
bestmove = None
max_score = -99999 # 无穷小
for score, x, y in moves:
board[y][x] = turn.value
score = self.evaluate(board, turn)
board[y][x] = 0
if score > max_score:
max_score = score
bestmove = (max_score, x, y)
return bestmove4）编写函数getScore()，功能是对黑棋和白棋进行评分。
def getScore(self, mychess, yourchess):
mscore, oscore = 0, 0
if mychess[FIVE] > 0:
return (10000, 0)
if yourchess[FIVE] > 0:
return (0, 10000)
if mychess[S4] >= 2:
mychess[L4] += 1
if yourchess[L4] > 0:
return (0, 9050)
if yourchess[S4] > 0:
return (0, 9040)
if mychess[L4] > 0:
return (9030, 0)
if mychess[S4] > 0 and mychess[L3] > 0:
return (9020, 0)
if yourchess[L3] > 0 and mychess[S4] == 0:
return (0, 9010)
if (mychess[L3] > 1 and yourchess[L3] == 0 and yourchess[S3] == 0):
return (9000, 0)
if mychess[S4] > 0:
mscore += 2000
if mychess[L3] > 1:
mscore += 500
elif mychess[L3] > 0:
mscore += 100
if yourchess[L3] > 1:
oscore += 2000
elif yourchess[L3] > 0:
oscore += 400
if mychess[S3] > 0:
mscore += mychess[S3] * 10
if yourchess[S3] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[S3] * 10
if mychess[L2] > 0:
mscore += mychess[L2] * 4
if yourchess[L2] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[L2] * 4
if mychess[S2] > 0:
mscore += mychess[S2] * 4
if yourchess[S2] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[S2] * 4
return (mscore, oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果5）编写evaluate()函数，功能是对上面的得分进行进一步的处理，参数turn表示最后一步棋是谁下的，根据turn的值决定的me(表示自己棋的值)和you(表示对手棋的值，下一步有对手下)，在对棋型评分时会用到。checkWin用来判断是否有一方获胜。
def evaluate(self, board, turn, checkWin=False):
self.get_init()
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
me = 1
you = 2
else:
me = 2
you = 1
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == me:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, me, you)
elif board[y][x] == you:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, you, me)
mychess = self.count[me - 1]
yourchess = self.count[you - 1]
if checkWin:
return mychess[FIVE] > 0 # 检查是否已经胜利
else:
mscore, oscore = self.getScore(mychess, yourchess)
return (mscore - oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果6)编写函数evaluatePoint()，功能是对某一个位置的4个方向分别进行检查。
def evaluatePoint(self, board, x, y, me, you):
direction = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 四个方向
for i in range(4):
if self.record[y][x][i] == 0:
# 检查当前方向棋型
self.getBasicSituation(board, x, y, i, direction[i], me, you, self.count[me - 1])
else:
self.save_count += 17）编写getLine()函数，功能是把当前方向的棋型存储下来，方便后续的使用。改函数能够根据棋子的位置和方向，获取上面说的长度为9的线。如果线上的位置超出了棋盘的范围，就将这个位置设置为对手的值，因为超出范围和被对手的棋当着，对棋型判断的结果是相同的。
def getLine(self, board, x, y, direction, me, you):
line = [0 for i in range(9)]
# “光标”移到最左端
tmp_x = x + (-5 * direction[0])
tmp_y = y + (-5 * direction[1])
for i in range(9):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
if (tmp_x < 0 or tmp_x >= self.len or tmp_y < 0 or tmp_y >= self.len):
line[i] = you # 出界
else:
line[i] = board[tmp_y][tmp_x]
return line8）编写函数getBasicSituation()，功能是把当前方向的棋型识别成具体的情况，例如把MMMMX识别成活四冲四，活三眠三等。
def getBasicSituation(self, board, x, y, dir_index, dir, me, you, count):
# record赋值
def setRecord(self, x, y, left, right, dir_index, direction):
tmp_x = x + (-5 + left) * direction[0]
tmp_y = y + (-5 + left) * direction[1]
for i in range(left, right):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
self.record[tmp_y][tmp_x][dir_index] = 1
empty = MAP_ENUM.be_empty.value
left_index, right_index = 4, 4
line = self.getLine(board, x, y, dir, me, you)
while right_index < 8:
if line[right_index + 1] != me:
break
right_index += 1
while left_index > 0:
if line[left_index - 1] != me:
break
left_index -= 1
left_range, right_range = left_index, right_index
while right_range < 8:
if line[right_range + 1] == you:
break
right_range += 1
while left_range > 0:
if line[left_range - 1] == you:
break
left_range -= 1
chess_range = right_range - left_range + 1
if chess_range < 5:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_range, right_range, dir_index, dir)
return SITUATION.NONE
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index, right_index, dir_index, dir)
m_range = right_index - left_index + 1
if m_range == 5:
count[FIVE] += 1
# 活四冲四
if m_range == 4:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
right_empty = True
if left_empty and right_empty:
count[L4] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty:
count[S4] += 1
# 活三眠三
if m_range == 3:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_four = right_four = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me: # MXMMM
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
left_four = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me: # MMMXM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
right_four = True
right_empty = True
if left_four or right_four:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty:
if chess_range > 5: # XMMMXX, XXMMMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # PXMMMXP
count[S3] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMMX, XMMMP
count[S3] += 1
# 活二眠二
if m_range == 2:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_three = right_three = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == empty: # XMXMMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # XMXMMP
count[S3] += 1
left_three = True
elif line[left_index - 3] == you: # PMXMMX
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
count[S3] += 1
left_three = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == me: # MMXMM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
right_three = True
elif line[right_index + 3] == empty:
# setRecord(self, x, y, right_index+1, right_index+2, dir_index, dir)
if left_empty: # XMMXMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # PMMXMX
count[S3] += 1
right_three = True
elif left_empty: # XMMXMP
count[S3] += 1
right_three = True
right_empty = True
if left_three or right_three:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty: # XMMX
count[L2] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMX, XMMP
count[S2] += 1
# 特殊活二眠二（有空格
if m_range == 1:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == you: # XMXMP
count[S2] += 1
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == empty:
if left_empty: # XMXMX
count[L2] += 1
else: # PMXMX
count[S2] += 1
elif line[right_index + 2] == empty:
if line[right_index + 3] == me and line[right_index + 4] == empty: # XMXXMX
count[L2] += 1
# 以上都不是则为none棋型
return SITUATION.NONE2.10实现按钮功能
该游戏的界面上会有四个按钮：
Pick White：选择白棋
Pick Black：选择黑棋
Surrender：投降
Multiple：多人对战
1）编写游戏的按钮类button，这是一个父类，通过函数draw()根据按钮的enablel状态填色。
class Button:
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y, color, enable): # 构造函数
self.screen = screen
self.width = button_w
self.height = button_h
self.button_color = color
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) # 纯白
self.enable = enable
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, button_h * 2 // 3)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.topleft = (x, y)
self.text = text
self.init_msg()
# 重写pygame内置函数，初始化我们的按钮
def init_msg(self):
if self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
else:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
# 根据按钮enable状态填色，具体颜色在后续子类控制
def draw(self):
if self.enable:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[0], self.rect)
else:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[1], self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)2）编写类WhiteStartButton，实现选择白棋的功能。
class WhiteStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选白棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple = False
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True3）编写类BlackStartButton，实现选择黑棋的功能。
class BlackStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选黑棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色，安排AI先手
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple = False
game.useAI = True
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True4）编写类GiveupButton，实现投降功能。
class GiveupButton(Button): # 投降按钮（任何模式都能用
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y):
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(230, 67, 64), (236, 139, 137)], False)
def click(self, game): # 结束游戏，判断赢家
if self.enable:
game.is_play = False
if game.winner is None:
game.winner = game.map.intoNextTurn(game.player)
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 保持不变，填充颜色
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True5）编写类MultiStartButton，实现多人对战功能。
class MultiStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（多人游戏）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(153, 51, 250), (221, 160, 221)], True) # 紫色
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple=True
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True2.11实现重写功能（即游戏的调用函数）
为了更好地在主函数中规划和控住整个游戏的代码，编写Game类，在Game类中调用上面的功能函数，然后分别绘制棋盘、按钮和判断获胜的一方。
1）通过__init__(self, caption)实现初始化处理，设置按钮的内容和可用性。
class Game: # pygame类,以下所有功能都是根据需要重写
def __init__(self, caption):
# 使用pygame之前必须初始化
pygame.init()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screen_w, screen_h]) # 设置主屏窗口
pygame.display.set_caption(caption) #设置窗口标题，即游戏名称
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.buttons = []
self.buttons.append(WhiteStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick White', 10, map_h))
self.buttons.append(BlackStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick Black', 170, map_h))
self.buttons.append(GiveupButton(self.screen, 'Surrender', 330, map_h))
self.buttons.append(MultiStartButton(self.screen, 'Multiple', 490, map_h))
self.is_play = False
self.map = Map(web_broad, web_broad)
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1
self.action = None
self.AI = MyChessAI(web_broad)
self.useAI = False
self.winner = None
self.multiple = False2）定义函数start(self)，功能为开始游戏，默认白棋先下。
def start(self):
self.is_play = True
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1 # 白棋先手
self.map.get_init()3）定义函数play(self)，绘制出棋盘和按钮。
def play(self):
# 画底板
self.clock.tick(60)
wood_color = (210, 180, 140)
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, wood_color, pygame.Rect(0, 0, map_w, screen_h))
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (255, 255, 255), pygame.Rect(map_w, 0, info_w, screen_h))
# 画按钮
for button in self.buttons:
button.draw()
if self.is_play and not self.isOver():
if self.useAI and not self.multiple:
x, y = self.AI.findBestChess(self.map.map, self.player)
self.checkClick(x, y, True)
self.useAI = False
if self.action is not None:
self.checkClick(self.action[0], self.action[1])
self.action = None
if not self.isOver():
self.changeMouseShow()
if self.isOver():
self.showWinner()
# self.buttons[0].enable = True
# self.buttons[1].enable = True
# self.buttons[2].enable = False
self.map.drawBoard(self.screen)
self.map.printChessPiece(self.screen)4）定义函数changeMouseShow(self)，在开始游戏的时候吧鼠标指针切换成棋子的形态。
def changeMouseShow(self): # 开始游戏的时候把鼠标预览切换成预览棋子的样子
map_x, map_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and self.map.isEmpty(x, y): # 在棋盘内且当前无棋子
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
smoke_blue = (176, 224, 230)
pos, radius = (map_x, map_y), chess_size
pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, smoke_blue, pos, radius)
else:
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def checkClick(self, x, y, isAI=False): # 后续处理
self.map.click(x, y, self.player)
if self.AI.isWin(self.map.map, self.player):
self.winner = self.player
self.click_button(self.buttons[2])
else:
self.player = self.map.intoNextTurn(self.player)
if not isAI:
self.useAI = True5）定义函数mouseClick(self, map_x, map_y)，处理下棋动作，将某个棋子放到棋盘中的某个位置。
def mouseClick(self, map_x, map_y): # 处理下棋动作
if self.is_play and self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and not self.isOver():
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isEmpty(x, y):
self.action = (x, y)6）定义函数isOver(self)，如果一方获胜则中断游戏。
def isOver(self): # 中断条件
return self.winner is not None7）定义函数showWinner(self)，功能是打印输出获胜者。
def showWinner(self): # 输出胜者
def showFont(screen, text, location_x, locaiton_y, height):
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, height)
font_image = font.render(text, True, (255, 215, 0), (255, 255, 255)) # 金黄色
font_image_rect = font_image.get_rect()
font_image_rect.x = location_x
font_image_rect.y = locaiton_y
screen.blit(font_image, font_image_rect)
if self.winner == MAP_ENUM.player1:
str = 'White Wins!'
else:
str = 'Black Wins!'
showFont(self.screen, str, map_w / 5, screen_h / 8, 100) # 居上中，字号100
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)8）游戏开始入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = Game(version)
while True:
game.play()
# 更新屏幕内容
pygame.display.update()
# 循环获取事件，监听事件状态
for event in pygame.event.get():
# 判断用户是否点了"X"关闭按钮,并执行if代码段
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
# 卸载所有模块
pygame.quit()
# 终止程序，确保退出程序
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
game.mouseClick(mouse_x, mouse_y)
game.check_buttons(mouse_x, mouse_y)3.完整代码及运行结果图
完整代码如下：
import time
from enum import IntEnum
import pygame
import sys
t = time.localtime()
date = str(t.tm_year) + '-' + str(t.tm_mon) + '-' + str(t.tm_mday) + ' ' + str(t.tm_hour) + ':' + str(t.tm_min) + ':' + str(t.tm_sec)
version = 'FiveChessV1.0 作者:栩珩 time:' + date
# 基础参数设置
square_size = 40 # 单格的宽度（不是格数！是为了方便绘制棋盘用的变量
chess_size = square_size // 2 - 2 # 棋子大小
web_broad = 15 # 棋盘格数+1（nxn）
map_w = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘长度
map_h = web_broad * square_size # 棋盘高度
info_w = 60 # 按钮界面宽度
button_w = 120 # 按钮长宽
button_h = 45
screen_w = map_w # 总窗口长宽
screen_h = map_h + info_w
# 地图绘制模块
class MAP_ENUM(IntEnum): # 用数字表示当前格的情况
be_empty = 0, # 无人下
player1 = 1, # 玩家一，执白
player2 = 2, # 玩家二，执黑
out_of_range = 3, # 出界
class Map: # 地图类
def __init__(self, width, height): # 构造函数
self.width = width
self.height = height
self.map = [[0 for x in range(self.width)] for y in range(self.height)] # 存储棋盘的二维数组
self.steps = [] # 记录步骤先后
def get_init(self): # 重置棋盘
for y in range(self.height):
for x in range(self.width):
self.map[y][x] = 0
self.steps = []
def intoNextTurn(self, turn): # 进入下一回合，交换下棋人
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
return MAP_ENUM.player2
else:
return MAP_ENUM.player1
def getLocate(self, x, y): # 输入下标，返回具体位置
map_x = x * square_size
map_y = y * square_size
return (map_x, map_y, square_size, square_size) # 返回位置信息
def getIndex(self, map_x, map_y): # 输入具体位置，返回下标
x = map_x // square_size
y = map_y // square_size
return (x, y)
def isInside(self, map_x, map_y): # 是否在有效范围内
if (map_x <= 0 or map_x >= map_w or
map_y <= 0 or map_y >= map_h):
return False
return True
def isEmpty(self, x, y): # 当前格子是否已经有棋子
return (self.map[y][x] == 0)
def click(self, x, y, type): # 点击的下棋动作
self.map[y][x] = type.value # 下棋
self.steps.append((x, y)) # 记录步骤信息
def printChessPiece(self, screen): # 绘制棋子
player_one = (255, 245, 238) # 象牙白
player_two = (41, 36, 33) # 烟灰
player_color = [player_one, player_two]
for i in range(len(self.steps)):
x, y = self.steps[i]
map_x, map_y, width, height = self.getLocate(x, y)
pos, radius = (map_x + width // 2, map_y + height // 2), chess_size
turn = self.map[y][x]
pygame.draw.circle(screen, player_color[turn - 1], pos, radius) # 画棋子
def drawBoard(self, screen): # 画棋盘
color = (0, 0, 0) # 线色
for y in range(self.height):
# 画横着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y), (
map_w - square_size // 2, square_size // 2 + square_size * y)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)
for x in range(self.width):
# 画竖着的棋盘线
start_pos, end_pos = (square_size // 2 + square_size * x, square_size // 2), (
square_size // 2 + square_size * x, map_h - square_size // 2)
pygame.draw.line(screen, color, start_pos, end_pos, 1)
# 高级AI模块
class SITUATION(IntEnum): # 棋型
NONE = 0, # 无
SLEEP_TWO = 1, # 眠二
LIVE_TWO = 2, # 活二
SLEEP_THREE = 3, # 眠三
LIVE_THREE = 4, # 活三
CHONG_FOUR = 5, # 冲四
LIVE_FOUR = 6, # 活四
LIVE_FIVE = 7, # 活五
SITUATION_NUM = 8 # 长度
# 方便后续调用枚举内容
FIVE = SITUATION.LIVE_FIVE.value
L4, L3, L2 = SITUATION.LIVE_FOUR.value, SITUATION.LIVE_THREE.value, SITUATION.LIVE_TWO.value
S4, S3, S2 = SITUATION.CHONG_FOUR.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_THREE.value, SITUATION.SLEEP_TWO.value
class MyChessAI():
def __init__(self, chess_len): # 构造函数
self.len = chess_len # 当前棋盘大小
# 二维数组，每一格存的是：横评分，纵评分，左斜评分，右斜评分
self.record = [[[0, 0, 0, 0] for i in range(chess_len)] for j in range(chess_len)]
# 存储当前格具体棋型数量
self.count = [[0 for i in range(SITUATION_NUM)] for j in range(2)]
# 位置分（同条件下越靠近棋盘中央越高）
self.position_isgreat = [
[(web_broad - max(abs(i - web_broad / 2 + 1), abs(j - web_broad / 2 + 1))) for i in range(chess_len)]
for j in range(chess_len)]
def get_init(self): # 初始化
for i in range(self.len):
for j in range(self.len):
for k in range(4):
self.record[i][j][k] = 0
for i in range(len(self.count)):
for j in range(len(self.count[0])):
self.count[i][j] = 0
self.save_count = 0
def isWin(self, board, turn): # 当前人胜利
return self.evaluate(board, turn, True)
# 返回所有未下棋坐标（位置从好到坏）
def genmove(self, board, turn):
moves = []
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == 0:
score = self.position_isgreat[y][x]
moves.append((score, x, y))
moves.sort(reverse=True)
return moves
# 返回当前最优解下标
def search(self, board, turn):
moves = self.genmove(board, turn)
bestmove = None
max_score = -99999 # 无穷小
for score, x, y in moves:
board[y][x] = turn.value
score = self.evaluate(board, turn)
board[y][x] = 0
if score > max_score:
max_score = score
bestmove = (max_score, x, y)
return bestmove
# 主要用于测试的函数，现在已经没什么用
def findBestChess(self, board, turn):
# time1 = time.time()
score, x, y = self.search(board, turn)
# time2 = time.time()
# print('time:%f (%d, %d)' % ((time2 - time1), x, y))
return (x, y)
# 得出一点的评分
# 直接列举所有棋型
def getScore(self, mychess, yourchess):
mscore, oscore = 0, 0
if mychess[FIVE] > 0:
return (10000, 0)
if yourchess[FIVE] > 0:
return (0, 10000)
if mychess[S4] >= 2:
mychess[L4] += 1
if yourchess[L4] > 0:
return (0, 9050)
if yourchess[S4] > 0:
return (0, 9040)
if mychess[L4] > 0:
return (9030, 0)
if mychess[S4] > 0 and mychess[L3] > 0:
return (9020, 0)
if yourchess[L3] > 0 and mychess[S4] == 0:
return (0, 9010)
if (mychess[L3] > 1 and yourchess[L3] == 0 and yourchess[S3] == 0):
return (9000, 0)
if mychess[S4] > 0:
mscore += 2000
if mychess[L3] > 1:
mscore += 500
elif mychess[L3] > 0:
mscore += 100
if yourchess[L3] > 1:
oscore += 2000
elif yourchess[L3] > 0:
oscore += 400
if mychess[S3] > 0:
mscore += mychess[S3] * 10
if yourchess[S3] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[S3] * 10
if mychess[L2] > 0:
mscore += mychess[L2] * 4
if yourchess[L2] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[L2] * 4
if mychess[S2] > 0:
mscore += mychess[S2] * 4
if yourchess[S2] > 0:
oscore += yourchess[S2] * 4
return (mscore, oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果
# 对上述得分进行进一步处理
def evaluate(self, board, turn, checkWin=False):
self.get_init()
if turn == MAP_ENUM.player1:
me = 1
you = 2
else:
me = 2
you = 1
for y in range(self.len):
for x in range(self.len):
if board[y][x] == me:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, me, you)
elif board[y][x] == you:
self.evaluatePoint(board, x, y, you, me)
mychess = self.count[me - 1]
yourchess = self.count[you - 1]
if checkWin:
return mychess[FIVE] > 0 # 检查是否已经胜利
else:
mscore, oscore = self.getScore(mychess, yourchess)
return (mscore - oscore) # 自我辅助效果，counter对面效果
def evaluatePoint(self, board, x, y, me, you):
direction = [(1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, -1)] # 四个方向
for i in range(4):
if self.record[y][x][i] == 0:
# 检查当前方向棋型
self.getBasicSituation(board, x, y, i, direction[i], me, you, self.count[me - 1])
else:
self.save_count += 1
# 把当前方向棋型存储下来，方便后续使用
def getLine(self, board, x, y, direction, me, you):
line = [0 for i in range(9)]
# “光标”移到最左端
tmp_x = x + (-5 * direction[0])
tmp_y = y + (-5 * direction[1])
for i in range(9):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
if (tmp_x < 0 or tmp_x >= self.len or tmp_y < 0 or tmp_y >= self.len):
line[i] = you # 出界
else:
line[i] = board[tmp_y][tmp_x]
return line
# 把当前方向的棋型识别成具体情况（如把MMMMX识别成冲四）
def getBasicSituation(self, board, x, y, dir_index, dir, me, you, count):
# record赋值
def setRecord(self, x, y, left, right, dir_index, direction):
tmp_x = x + (-5 + left) * direction[0]
tmp_y = y + (-5 + left) * direction[1]
for i in range(left, right):
tmp_x += direction[0]
tmp_y += direction[1]
self.record[tmp_y][tmp_x][dir_index] = 1
empty = MAP_ENUM.be_empty.value
left_index, right_index = 4, 4
line = self.getLine(board, x, y, dir, me, you)
while right_index < 8:
if line[right_index + 1] != me:
break
right_index += 1
while left_index > 0:
if line[left_index - 1] != me:
break
left_index -= 1
left_range, right_range = left_index, right_index
while right_range < 8:
if line[right_range + 1] == you:
break
right_range += 1
while left_range > 0:
if line[left_range - 1] == you:
break
left_range -= 1
chess_range = right_range - left_range + 1
if chess_range < 5:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_range, right_range, dir_index, dir)
return SITUATION.NONE
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index, right_index, dir_index, dir)
m_range = right_index - left_index + 1
if m_range == 5:
count[FIVE] += 1
# 活四冲四
if m_range == 4:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
right_empty = True
if left_empty and right_empty:
count[L4] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty:
count[S4] += 1
# 活三眠三
if m_range == 3:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_four = right_four = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me: # MXMMM
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
left_four = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me: # MMMXM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
right_four = True
right_empty = True
if left_four or right_four:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty:
if chess_range > 5: # XMMMXX, XXMMMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # PXMMMXP
count[S3] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMMX, XMMMP
count[S3] += 1
# 活二眠二
if m_range == 2:
left_empty = right_empty = False
left_three = right_three = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
setRecord(self, x, y, left_index - 2, left_index - 1, dir_index, dir)
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == empty: # XMXMMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # XMXMMP
count[S3] += 1
left_three = True
elif line[left_index - 3] == you: # PMXMMX
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
count[S3] += 1
left_three = True
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == me: # MMXMM
setRecord(self, x, y, right_index + 1, right_index + 2, dir_index, dir)
count[S4] += 1
right_three = True
elif line[right_index + 3] == empty:
# setRecord(self, x, y, right_index+1, right_index+2, dir_index, dir)
if left_empty: # XMMXMX
count[L3] += 1
else: # PMMXMX
count[S3] += 1
right_three = True
elif left_empty: # XMMXMP
count[S3] += 1
right_three = True
right_empty = True
if left_three or right_three:
pass
elif left_empty and right_empty: # XMMX
count[L2] += 1
elif left_empty or right_empty: # PMMX, XMMP
count[S2] += 1
# 特殊活二眠二（有空格
if m_range == 1:
left_empty = right_empty = False
if line[left_index - 1] == empty:
if line[left_index - 2] == me:
if line[left_index - 3] == empty:
if line[right_index + 1] == you: # XMXMP
count[S2] += 1
left_empty = True
if line[right_index + 1] == empty:
if line[right_index + 2] == me:
if line[right_index + 3] == empty:
if left_empty: # XMXMX
count[L2] += 1
else: # PMXMX
count[S2] += 1
elif line[right_index + 2] == empty:
if line[right_index + 3] == me and line[right_index + 4] == empty: # XMXXMX
count[L2] += 1
# 以上都不是则为none棋型
return SITUATION.NONE
# 主程序实现部分
# 控制进程按钮类（父类）
class Button:
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y, color, enable): # 构造函数
self.screen = screen
self.width = button_w
self.height = button_h
self.button_color = color
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) # 纯白
self.enable = enable
self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, button_h * 2 // 3)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.topleft = (x, y)
self.text = text
self.init_msg()
# 重写pygame内置函数，初始化我们的按钮
def init_msg(self):
if self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
else:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
# 根据按钮enable状态填色，具体颜色在后续子类控制
def draw(self):
if self.enable:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[0], self.rect)
else:
self.screen.fill(self.button_color[1], self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
class WhiteStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选白棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple = False
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class BlackStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（选黑棋）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(26, 173, 25), (158, 217, 157)], True)
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色，安排AI先手
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple = False
game.useAI = True
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class GiveupButton(Button): # 投降按钮（任何模式都能用
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y):
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(230, 67, 64), (236, 139, 137)], False)
def click(self, game): # 结束游戏，判断赢家
if self.enable:
game.is_play = False
if game.winner is None:
game.winner = game.map.intoNextTurn(game.player)
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 保持不变，填充颜色
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class MultiStartButton(Button): # 开始按钮（多人游戏）
def __init__(self, screen, text, x, y): # 构造函数
super().__init__(screen, text, x, y, [(153, 51, 250), (221, 160, 221)], True) # 紫色
def click(self, game): # 点击，pygame内置方法
if self.enable: # 启动游戏并初始化，变换按钮颜色
game.start()
game.winner = None
game.multiple=True
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[1])
self.enable = False
return True
return False
def unclick(self): # 取消点击
if not self.enable:
self.msg_image = self.font.render(self.text, True, self.text_color, self.button_color[0])
self.enable = True
class Game: # pygame类,以下所有功能都是根据需要重写
def __init__(self, caption):
# 使用pygame之前必须初始化
pygame.init()
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode([screen_w, screen_h]) # 设置主屏窗口
pygame.display.set_caption(caption) #设置窗口标题，即游戏名称
self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()
self.buttons = []
self.buttons.append(WhiteStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick White', 10, map_h))
self.buttons.append(BlackStartButton(self.screen, 'Pick Black', 170, map_h))
self.buttons.append(GiveupButton(self.screen, 'Surrender', 330, map_h))
self.buttons.append(MultiStartButton(self.screen, 'Multiple', 490, map_h))
self.is_play = False
self.map = Map(web_broad, web_broad)
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1
self.action = None
self.AI = MyChessAI(web_broad)
self.useAI = False
self.winner = None
self.multiple = False
def start(self):
self.is_play = True
self.player = MAP_ENUM.player1 # 白棋先手
self.map.get_init()
def play(self):
# 画底板
self.clock.tick(60)
wood_color = (210, 180, 140)
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, wood_color, pygame.Rect(0, 0, map_w, screen_h))
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, (255, 255, 255), pygame.Rect(map_w, 0, info_w, screen_h))
# 画按钮
for button in self.buttons:
button.draw()
if self.is_play and not self.isOver():
if self.useAI and not self.multiple:
x, y = self.AI.findBestChess(self.map.map, self.player)
self.checkClick(x, y, True)
self.useAI = False
if self.action is not None:
self.checkClick(self.action[0], self.action[1])
self.action = None
if not self.isOver():
self.changeMouseShow()
if self.isOver():
self.showWinner()
# self.buttons[0].enable = True
# self.buttons[1].enable = True
# self.buttons[2].enable = False
self.map.drawBoard(self.screen)
self.map.printChessPiece(self.screen)
def changeMouseShow(self): # 开始游戏的时候把鼠标预览切换成预览棋子的样子
map_x, map_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and self.map.isEmpty(x, y): # 在棋盘内且当前无棋子
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
smoke_blue = (176, 224, 230)
pos, radius = (map_x, map_y), chess_size
pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, smoke_blue, pos, radius)
else:
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def checkClick(self, x, y, isAI=False): # 后续处理
self.map.click(x, y, self.player)
if self.AI.isWin(self.map.map, self.player):
self.winner = self.player
self.click_button(self.buttons[2])
else:
self.player = self.map.intoNextTurn(self.player)
if not isAI:
self.useAI = True
def mouseClick(self, map_x, map_y): # 处理下棋动作
if self.is_play and self.map.isInside(map_x, map_y) and not self.isOver():
x, y = self.map.getIndex(map_x, map_y)
if self.map.isEmpty(x, y):
self.action = (x, y)
def isOver(self): # 中断条件
return self.winner is not None
def showWinner(self): # 输出胜者
def showFont(screen, text, location_x, locaiton_y, height):
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, height)
font_image = font.render(text, True, (255, 215, 0), (255, 255, 255)) # 金黄色
font_image_rect = font_image.get_rect()
font_image_rect.x = location_x
font_image_rect.y = locaiton_y
screen.blit(font_image, font_image_rect)
if self.winner == MAP_ENUM.player1:
str = 'White Wins!'
else:
str = 'Black Wins!'
showFont(self.screen, str, map_w / 5, screen_h / 8, 100) # 居上中，字号100
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def click_button(self, button):
if button.click(self):
for tmp in self.buttons:
if tmp != button:
tmp.unclick()
def check_buttons(self, mouse_x, mouse_y):
for button in self.buttons:
if button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y):
self.click_button(button)
break
# 以下为pygame1.9帮助文档的示例代码
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = Game(version)
while True:
game.play()
# 更新屏幕内容
pygame.display.update()
# 循环获取事件，监听事件状态
for event in pygame.event.get():
# 判断用户是否点了"X"关闭按钮,并执行if代码段
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
# 卸载所有模块
pygame.quit()
# 终止程序，确保退出程序
sys.exit()
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
game.mouseClick(mouse_x, mouse_y)
game.check_buttons(mouse_x, mouse_y)游戏运行结果如图：
4.软件封装
4.1pyinstaller的简介
本实例用pyinstaller来打包py程序，生成可执行程序。pyinstaller是一个跨平台的Python应用打包工具，支持 Windows/Linux/MacOS三大主流平台，能够把 Python 脚本及其所在的 Python 解释器打包成可执行文件，从而允许最终用户在无需安装 Python 的情况下执行应用程序。但是，pyInstaller 制作出来的执行文件并不是跨平台的，如果需要为不同平台打包，就要在相应平台上运行pyInstaller进行打包。
4.2pyinstaller的安装
pip install Pyinstaller4.3准备
需要准备的内容就是，要打包的py文件，必要时可以加上程序的图像。上面的五子棋.io就是软件的图标，五子棋游戏.py就是要打包的Python文件（建议将程序图标转换成ico格式，因为其他格式如PNG，JPG等可能会报错）。
4.4程序打包
首先打开cmd窗口，
然后把路径切换到当前路径打开命令提示行，（一定要切换到项目目录再执行打包命令），
然后输入打包命令
pyinstaller -F -i 五子棋.ico -w 五子棋游戏.py输入命令后看见 successfully 那就是成功了.
具体的pyinstaller使用方法和实例可以参考文章点击这里
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