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基于Python + Django 开发一款学生管理系统(附源码)

1.开发环境

开发工具:Pycharm 2020.1.1

开发语言:Python 3.8.5

Web框架:Djanjo 3.0.3

前端框架:bootstrap 3.3.7

数据库:MySQL 8.0.21 + Navicat Premium 15.0.17

操作系统:macOS 10.14.6

源码分享&技术交流

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方式①、添加微信号:dkl88191,备注:来自CSDN +学管系统
方式②、微信搜索公众号:Python学习与数据挖掘,后台回复:学管系统

2.项目实战

1)创建Django项目

2)创建应用

python manage.py startapp Web    # Web名字可以任意取  

3)配置MySQL

DATABASES = {  
    'default': {  
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  
        'NAME': 'eleven',  
        'USER': 'root',  
        'Pw': '123456',  
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',  
        'PORT': 3306  
    }  
}  

4)数据模型层创建

class Student(models.Model):  
    student_no = models.CharField(max_length = 32, unique=True)  
    student_name = models.CharField(max_length = 32)  

执行如下命令,在数据库生成表结构

# 生成文件记录模型的变化  
python manage.py makemigrations Web  
# 将模型变化同步至数据库,我们可以在数据库生成对应的表结构  
python manage.py migrate Web  

数据库中生成的表

5)路由配置

el_sms里面的urls.py里面添加Web的路由配置

from django.contrib import admin  
from django.urls import path  
from django.conf.urls import url, include  
  
# 请求路径url和处理方法的映射配置  
urlpatterns = [  
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),  
    url(r'^Web/', include('Web.urls'))  
]  

然后在Web创建一个urls.py文件,添加路由配置如下:

# coding=utf-8  
from django.conf.urls import url  
from . import views  
  
urlpatterns = [  
 url(r'^$', views.index),  
 url(r'^add/$', views.add),  
 url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),  
 url(r'^delete/$', views.delete)  
]  

6)增删改查视图函数

在应用Web的视图层文件views.py添加对学生信息增删改查的处理函数

import MySQLdb  
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect  
  
# Create your views here.  
  
# 连接MySQL数据库  
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", pw="123456", db="eleven", charset='utf8')  
  
  
# 学生信息列表处理函数  
def index(request):  
    with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:  
        cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM Web_student")  
    students = cursor.fetchall()  
    return render(request, 'student/index.html', {'students': students})  
  
  
# 学生信息新增处理函数  
def add(request):  
    if request.method == 'GET':  
        return render(request, 'student/add.html')  
    else:  
        student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')  
    student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')  
    with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:  
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO Web_student (student_no,student_name) "  
                       "values (%s,%s)", [student_no, student_name])  
        conn.commit()  
    return redirect('../')  
  
  
# 学生信息修改处理函数  
def edit(request):  
    if request.method == 'GET':  
        id = request.GET.get("id")  
        with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:  
            cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM Web_student where id =%s", [id])  
            student = cursor.fetchone()  
        return render(request, 'student/edit.html', {'student': student})  
    else:  
        id = request.POST.get("id")  
        student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')  
        student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')  
        with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:  
            cursor.execute("UPDATE Web_student set student_no=%s,student_name=%s where id =%s",  
                           [student_no, student_name, id])  
            conn.commit()  
        return redirect('../')  
  
  
# 学生信息删除处理函数  
def delete(request):  
    id = request.GET.get("id")  
    with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:  
        cursor.execute("DELETE FROM Web_student WHERE id =%s", [id])  
    conn.commit()  
    return redirect('../')  

7)模板页面创建

学生信息列表页

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html lang="en">  
<head>  
    <meta charset="UTF-8">  
    <title>学生列表</title>  
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件(一般不用引入) -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->  
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"  
            integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"  
            crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  
</head>  
<body>  
<div class="container page-header">  
    <div class="container page-body">  
  
        <div class="col-md-9" role="main">  
            <table class="table table-striped">  
                <a class="btn btn-warning" href="../Web/add" role="button">添加</a>  
                <tr>  
                    <th>编号</th>  
                    <th>学号</th>  
                    <th>姓名</th>  
                    <th>操作</th>  
                </tr>  
                {% for student in students %}  
                    <tr>  
                        <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  
                        <td>{{ student.student_no }}</td>  
                        <td>{{ student.student_name }}</td>  
                        <td>  
                            <a class="btn btn-danger" href="../Web/delete?id={{ student.id }}">删除</a>  
                            <a class="btn btn-warning" href="../Web/edit?id={{ student.id }}">修改</a>  
                        </td>  
                    </tr>  
                     {% endfor %}  
            </table>  
        </div>  
    </div>  
</div>  
  
</body>  
</html>  

学生信息新增页

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html lang="en">  
<head>  
    <meta charset="UTF-8">  
    <title>学生添加</title>  
   <!-- ⌘⌥L 格式化代码 -->  
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件(一般不用引入) -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->  
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"  
            integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"  
            crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  
</head>  
<body>  
<div class="container page-header">  
    <div class="container page-body">  
        <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="../add/">  
            {% csrf_token %}  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">学号</label>  
                <div class="col-sm-3">  
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入学号" name="student_no"/>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>  
                <div class="col-sm-3">  
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="请输入姓名" name="student_name"/>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">  
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
        </form>  
    </div>  
</div>  
  
</body>  
</html>  

学生信息编辑页

<!DOCTYPE html>  
<html lang="en">  
<head>  
    <meta charset="UTF-8">  
    <title>学生修改</title>  
    <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 可选的 Bootstrap 主题文件(一般不用引入) -->  
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"  
          integrity="sha384-rHyoN1iRsVXV4nD0JutlnGaslCJuC7uwjduW9SVrLvRYooPp2bWYgmgJQIXwl/Sp" crossorigin="anonymous">  
  
    <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->  
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"  
            integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa"  
            crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  
</head>  
<body>  
<div class="container page-header">  
    <div class="container page-body">  
        <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="../edit/">  
            {% csrf_token %}  
            <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ student.id }}"/>  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">学号</label>  
                <div class="col-sm-3">  
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input" name="student_no"  
                           value="{{ student.student_no }}"/>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <label for="inputEmail3" class="col-sm-2 control-label">姓名</label>  
                <div class="col-sm-3">  
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Text input" name="student_name"  
                           value="{{ student.student_name }}"/>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
  
            <div class="form-group">  
                <div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">  
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">修改</button>  
                </div>  
            </div>  
  
        </form>  
    </div>  
</div>  
</body>  
</html>  

8)启动web服务

Terminal终端输入以下命令启动web服务

python manage.py runserver  

服务启动后,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8000/Web即可进入学生信息管理列表页

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