大学英语四新视野 课后习题+答案翻译 Unit1~Unit8

1 As the gender barriers crumbled, the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.

随着性别障碍的消除，从20世纪中期开始，从事律师、医生或银行家工作的女性数量开始显著增加。

2 With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer trends

and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.

通过每年收集的数据，店主可以了解顾客的趋势，以及天气和经济指标等因素如何影响销售业绩。

3 His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass his personal goals.

他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到而且超越他的个人目标。

4 He is a man with a(n) shrewd business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.

他是一个有精明商业头脑的人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至是非常大的财富。

5 The conversion of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.

将核辐射直接转化为电能是一种令人兴奋的可能性，20世纪50年代，许多实验室都在大力探索这种可能性。

6 I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to distort scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.

这份报告试图歪曲科学事实，甚至愚弄了一些受过高等教育的人，这不仅让我感到震惊，而且让我感到厌恶。

7 Sixty-two and blessed with his mother’s skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as radiant as a man in his forties.

这位62岁的渔夫长着母亲的皮肤，经受住了一生的日晒，看上去像四十多岁的人一样容光焕发。

8 French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but ingenious code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.

法国教育家路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种简单而巧妙的密码，对几代盲人的生活产生了影响。

9 The senators didn’t expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, got stumped and didn’t know what to say.

参议员们没有想到我们会问这么尖锐的问题，当我们终于问了，却被难住了，不知道该说什么。

10 This newly established university supports the proposition that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.

这所新成立的大学支持这样一种主张，即更多样化的高等教育体系是可取的，因为它将增加终身学习的机会。

 1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings (were dripping with) green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.

1. 残垣断壁的砖墙上滴着绿色的霉菌和湿气，她不由自主地打了个寒颤，低头躲避。

 2. As urban populations exported finished goods (in exchange for) raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.

2. 随着城市人口出口制成品(以换取)邻近人口的原材料，有组织的贸易增长了很多

3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames (flared up) nearby.

3.由于知道野火蔓延的速度有多快，村庄的一些居民在附近的大火爆发后决定离开他们的家。

4. Biology teachers often (make an analogy between) the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.

4. 生物学老师经常把心脏和泵作类比，以便帮助学生理解心脏是如何工作的。

5. They would like to (set a date for) their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.

5. 他们想尽快确定婚礼日期，并向家人和朋友宣布他们订婚的消息。

 6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to (1) (make) a fool (2) (out of) him in front of the entire class.

6. 他决心不让美好的一天因为一个嫉妒的同学试图在全班面前愚弄他的记忆而变得不愉快。

7. The couple (made a pact) never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn’t have to be looked after by strangers.

7. 这对夫妇(约定)永远不会同时工作，这样他们中的一个就会一直全职照顾孩子，他们的孩子就不用被陌生人照顾了。

 8. The president said that it’s the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he (had appealed to) the world for help, asking in particular for heavy -lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.

8. 总统说，这是这个国家有史以来最严重的地震，他已经向世界请求帮助，特别是要求重型直升机能够将救援物资运送到偏僻的山区。

Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brain or left-brain thinker?From books to television programs, you have probably heard the term (1)(mentioned) numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to (2)(determine) which type best describes you.

你有没有听人说过他们更倾向于右脑思考者还是左脑思考者?从书籍到电视节目，你可能听过这个词无数次，或者你甚至参加过一个在线测试，以确定哪种类型最适合你。

Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions?Over the years,a theory that has (3)(gained) in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are (4)(responsible) for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will dependon which side of his brain works more actively.

大脑的不同部位真的控制着不同的身体和精神功能吗?多年来，一个流行起来的理论是，右脑和左脑负责不同的思维方式，一个人的思维方式将取决于他的哪一边大脑工作得更积极。

People who rely more (5)(heavily) on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with (6)(artistic) ability like singing, painting,writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite(7)(opposite) in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and (8)(analytical) in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills.

更依赖右脑的人往往更有想象力和自发性。他们对图案、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与歌唱、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑主导的人的思维方式完全相反。他们在思考时往往更有逻辑性和分析性，通常在数学和文字技能方面表现突出。

While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been (9)(distorted) and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study.For example, if you are usually (10)(stumped) in trying to follow verbal instructions，an activity often cited as a right-braincharacteristic, you can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizationalskills.

虽然这两个大脑部分的不同功能可能被流行心理学扭曲和夸大，但了解你在某些领域的长处和弱点可以帮助你发展出更好的学习和研究方法。例如，如果你在尝试遵循口头指示(这通常被认为是右脑的特征)时常常感到困惑，你可以从写下指示和培养更好的组织技能中受益。

1. Hundreds of endangered sea turtles were found dead along the coast last week, (triggering) concerns about pollution and local fishing practices.

1. 上周，数百只濒危海龟在海岸被发现死亡，引发了人们对污染和当地捕鱼行为的担忧。

2. During World War Ⅱ, very often heavy clouds would completely (obscure) the target area, causing the bombs to be dropped in quite the wrong places sometimes.

2. 在第一次世界大战期间，厚厚的云层常常会“完全(遮挡)目标地区，导致炸弹有时被投在相当错误的地方。

3. After the experiment, scientists will wait to see what will happen in these children when they grow up and to see whether the result will support their (hypothesis)

3.实验结束后，科学家们将等着看这些孩子长大后会发生什么，并看看结果是否支持他们的假设。

 4. At present, it is difficult to (formulate) an appropriate plan that is systematic and can be widely accepted by economists in the market place.

4. 目前，在市场上很难(制定)一个适当的、系统的、能被经济学家广泛接

受的计划。

5. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the (threshold) of a brilliant career.

5. 作为这所大学最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生无疑即将开创辉煌的事业。

6. The officials of the university should issue a stricter rule to curb the (incidence) of violence and bullying among students.

6. 校方应该出台更严格的规定来遏制学生间的暴力和欺凌事件的发生。

7. It is still not possible to confirm or to (refute) the claim that there is a casual relationship between the amount of fat we eat and the incidence of heart attacks.

7. 我们摄入的脂肪量与心脏病发作的发生率之间存在因果关系，这一说法目前还无法证实或驳斥。

 8. Since writing is one of the primary means of assessment in the academic (realm) , it is important that students be trained to think critically and write effectively.

8. 由于写作是“学术(领域)”的主要评估手段之一，训练学生批判性思考和有效写作是很重要的。

  9. Every year the leaves fall from the trees and (decay) ; in other words, they turn dark and gradually fall to pieces and become part of the soil.

9. 每年树叶从树上掉下来(腐烂);换句话说，它们会变黑，逐渐碎裂，成为土壤的一部分。

10. According to the (testimony) of your neighbors, you were not at home the night when the crime was committed; so, be sure to tell us where you were.

10. 根据你邻居的证词，案发当晚你不在家;所以，一定要告诉我们你当时在哪里。

1. They don’t know if their decision will work, but they do know that over time they will succeed more often if they continue to play the odds .

1. 他们不知道他们的决定是否会奏效，但他们知道，随着时间的推移，如果他们继续碰运气，他们会更经常地成功。

2. Aging is a factor that correlates with loss of flexibility. However, how much of that loss is due to our changing lifestyle as opposed to the actual aging process is (subject to) debate.

2. 衰老是一个与灵活性丧失相关的因素。然而，有多少损失是由于我们生活方式的改变，而不是实际的衰老过程，这是一个有待讨论的问题。

3. He (1) (attributes / attributed) his troubles (2) (to) his own endless drive for achievement and the pressures to live up to his parents’ ambitions for him.

3.他把他的烦恼归因于他自己对成就无止境的追求以及不辜负父母对他的期望的压力。

 4. Projects requiring skills not possessed by the workers are more difficult to accomplish; so, time must (be factored into) the project to allow these workers to obtain the needed skills.

4. 需要工人不具备的技能的项目更难完成;因此，项目必须考虑到时间因素，以使这些工人获得所需的技能。

5. The results of the study (call for) further investigation into whether athletes from different team sports experienced anxiety in similar types of situations.

5. 这项研究的结果需要进一步的调查，以了解来自不同团体项目的运动员是否在类似的情况下经历焦虑。

 6. (By virtue of) its smallness, the house remains extremely inexpensive with respect to energy consumption even if it is not perfectly positioned for solar harnessing.

6. (由于)它的小，房子仍然是非常便宜的能源消耗，即使它不是，完美的定位太阳能利用。

 7. If you do (get stuck on) a word, you can ask your teacher what it means, or look it up in the dictionary or online.

7. 如果你被一个单词难住了，你可以问你的老师它的意思，或者查字典或上网。

8. His knowledge of these waters and his skill in sailing must (come into play) now to keep the boat heading west against the strong currents

8.他对这些水域的了解和航海技能现在必须（发挥作用）以保持船向西逆流行驶

We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school deficient in literary and reasoning skills.

我们需要提高教育质量，使我们的孩子不会离开缺乏文学和推理技能的学校。

In a society governed by the rule of law，every citizen is subject to possible prosecution if he violates the law.

在一个由法治的社会,每个公民都可能受到起诉,如果他违反了法律。

The delicious meal appeased our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.

这顿美餐使我们的饥饿感减轻了，让我们在雪中走了一整天后又感到温暖。

The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic outrage as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.

普通员工与企业高管之间的薪酬差距，已引发公众的愤怒，因为尽管股价不断下跌，高管们仍能拿到巨额薪酬。

The military insists on conformity in many areas，for example, dress and haircut，with the primary objective of promoting group unity.

军方坚持整合在许多领域,例如,服装和发型,促进集团统一的主要目标。

My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a strand of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.

我女儿过去常和这只狗玩耍，把它的一缕头发剪下来，然后花很长时间揉搓、梳理和捻。

When she left for the party，she took great care to make her necklace and shoes complement her dress.

当她动身去聚会时，她非常认真地去试图把她的项链和鞋子与她的衣服配套起来。

It was necessary to provide living places for transient immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.

有必要为经过这一地区前往更永久住所的临时移民提供居住场所。

They had just moved in，so they needed to buy a number of kitchen appliances, including a microwave oven, a toaster,and a coffee maker.

他们刚刚搬进来的,所以他们需要购买一些厨房电器,包括微波炉,烤面包机,咖啡机。

She wanted a beautiful and elegant outfit to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn’t find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.

她想要一套漂亮雅致的衣服去参加一个朋友的婚礼，但在附近的商店里找不到满意的东西。

I was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant，creative and driven person I’d ever known. I told her these things often because she didn’t see herself this way despite 1)achieving great success and acclaim（称赞）in her professional field. She was also 2)gorgeous and sexy, though she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But while I thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was 3) considered attractive.

我曾经和一个女人谈过恋爱，她是我所认识的最聪明、最有创造力、最有动力的人。我经常告诉她这些事情，因为她不认为自己是这样的，尽管取得了巨大的成功和赞誉在她的专业领域。她也很漂亮，很性感，尽管她似乎也没有意识到这一点，所以我也把这些事情告诉了她。虽然我认为称赞她的才华更重要，但对她来说，更重要的似乎是她的魅力。

 My experience with this girlfriend exemplifies a common phenomenon in life-when it comes to complimenting a woman，men often walk a very difficult line. Of course, 4)B context matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it may be important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her clothes and 5）I accessories are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and 6)A appreciated for their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin 7）H complexion and elegant outfits.

我的经验和这个女朋友是一种普遍现象在生活赞美一个女人,男人通常走路非常困难。当然,环境很重要。在职业场合，谈论外表通常是不合适的，但在单身俱乐部，谈论外表可能很重要。如果一个男人认为她的衣服和饰品漂亮，或者她的头发漂亮，她会很高兴。然而，这两种情况之间的情况尚不清楚。妇女完全有权利因她们的智慧和创造力而受到承认和赞赏。但与此同时，他们也希望自己的外表也能让人羡慕，比如完美的肤色和优雅的着装。

Unfortunately, most guys don’t understand this. If we receive compliments from women, they＇re usually about our achievements, not our looks. Most of us don’t expect a woman to tell us how 8)O handsome or sexy we are, and some of us would find it hard to regard such a(n) 9)D comment as sincere.

不幸的是,大多数人不明白这一点。如果我们收到女性的赞美,他们通常对我们的成就,不是我们的样子。我们中的大多数人都不希望女人告诉我们自己有多帅或多性感，而我们中的一些人会发现很难把这样的评论当成是真诚的。

I’m not saying it’s very hard to be a guy these days.It is important for every man to understand how to treat women with both respect and 10)F admiration. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference, especially when it comes to looks.

我并不是说现在做一个男人很难。对于每个男人来说，懂得如何以尊重和钦佩的态度对待女人是很重要的。但就这两者的平衡而言，我们真的没有一个参照系，尤其是在外貌方面。

1. Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness in hopes of introducing people to healthier lifestyles.

每个月，社区服务中心都会举办几场关于健康和健身的讲座，希望向人们介绍更健康的生活方式。

2. Do you know who came up with the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.

你知道昨天谁想出了吃芝士蛋糕当甜点的主意吗?味道很好，让每个人都很开心。

3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and excused herself to bed.

止痛药让克劳迪娅感到相当的沉闷和困倦。晚饭后不久，她就为自己和这么糟糕的人在一起而道歉，并为自己找了个借口上床睡觉。

4. When I was young, I was obsessed with maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another.

当我年轻的时候，我痴迷于地图，有时我花一整天的时间绘制从一个点到另一个点的陆地路线。

5. To make immigrants comfortable reaching out to police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.

为了让移民们乐于向警方求助，70多个城市禁止警方要求他们证明自己的合法身份。

6. Mary was often accused of“having a strong personality”because she was not afraid to voice an opinion on subjects about which she was knowledgeable.

玛丽经常被指责“个性很强”，因为她不怕就她所了解的问题发表意见。

7. At the end of his term in office the governor was criticized for failure to live up to his campaign promise.

在他任期结束时，州长因未能履行其竞选诺言而受到批评。

8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers in terms of customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.

一项调查结果显示，在消费者满意度排名前10的汽车制造商中，有6家是日本公司，2家是德国公司。

1. Once the divers went deep down under the sea, the lack of sunlight (hampered) their visibility, making them unable to see the sunken boat.

1. 一旦潜水员潜入深海，阳光的缺乏阻碍了他们的能见度，使他们无法看到沉船。

 2. It was a miracle that he survived the (mortal) wound in his chest although doctors thought he would certainly die. 

2. 虽然医生们认为他肯定会死，但他能从胸部的致命伤口中活下来真是个奇迹。

3. Twice divorced, Layne says she knows all too well about how money troubles can (corrode) the bond of marriage.

3.曾离过两次婚的Layne说，她非常清楚金钱问题是如何侵蚀婚姻的纽带的。

 4. Before the interview started, she said, “Let me (preface) our discussion by reminding our listeners of the title of your book.”

4. 在采访开始之前，她说：“让我在讨论的开始前，提醒听众你的书名。

5. The audience loves the movie because the main character (embodies) core American values of self-reliance and hard work.

”5. 观众喜欢这部电影是因为主角体现了自力更生和努力工作的美国核心价值观。

6. As the author of the book argues, genders, races, classes, and even nations exist not as sealed entities (实体), but rather as part of a set of (interwoven) relationships.

6. 正如这本书的作者所说，性别、种族、阶级甚至国家不是作为封闭的实体()存在的，而是作为一组(相互交织的)关系的一部分。

7. The railroad, which was about 2,000 kilometers long, (knit / knitted) the whole country together and made its rapid industrialization possible.

7. 这条大约2000公里长的铁路把整个国家连接在一起，使迅速的工业化成为可能。

 8. The novel tells the story of a young man who struggles hard to accomplish his dreams that (collide) with reality.

8. 这部小说讲述了一个年轻人为实现梦想而努力奋斗的故事，而梦想与现实发生了碰撞。

9. What attracted me most in the museum was a stone sculpture of an ancient warrior in a Roman (costume) , complete with helmet, sword and shield.

9. 博物馆里最吸引我的是一个穿着罗马服装的古代战士的石雕，包括头盔、剑和盾牌。

10. The (predominant) color in his paintings is white, whereas other colors such as blue and yellow are only used occasionally.

10. 在他的绘画中，白色是主要的颜色，而其他的颜色，如蓝色和黄色只是偶尔使用。

 1. He had (enquired about) the possibility of working in the mailroom at William Morris, but the agency had nothing to offer at that moment.

1. 他曾询问是否有可能在威廉·莫里斯公司的邮件收发室工作，但当时该公司没有任何答复。

2. The researchers believe that this study will help them understand climate change and future energy needs (1) (from a) new (2) (perspective) .

2. 研究人员认为，这项研究将帮助他们从新的角度理解气候变化和未来的能源需求。

3. The rate of American women who have sensitive skin seems to be (on the rise) due to increased use of cosmetics.

3.由于化妆品使用的增加，美国女性敏感皮肤的比例似乎在上升。

4. When you have to (be accountable to) the people who elected you, it’s hard not to think about the consequences of what you are doing.

4. 当你必须对选举你的人负责时，很难不去考虑你所做的事情的后果。

5. I must save up my money to get a new pair of sports shoes because all of my current ones (are worn out / are wearing out) . 

5. 我必须攒钱买一双新运动鞋，因为我现在所有的那双都穿坏了。

6. The US Food and Drug Administration regulates only bottled water sold across state lines, but that produced and sold in the same state (is exempt from) regulation.

6. 美国食品和药物管理局只对跨州销售的瓶装水进行监管，但在同一州生产和销售的瓶装水(不受)监管。

7. He wanted to work as a computer engineer after graduation, but his parents did not (approve of) this idea.

7. 他想毕业后当一名计算机工程师，但他的父母不同意这个想法。

8. Many users of this brand of mobile phones are known for (being addicted to) their devices, to the point that they even give them various nicknames

8. 很多使用这个品牌手机的人都以对他们的设备上瘾而闻名，甚至给他们起了各种各样的绰号

The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of exquisite beauty.

窗帘完全改变了房子的气氛，使它成为一个优美的地方。

As the sun dispersed the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life.

当太阳驱散乌云时，我们在晴朗的天空下的森林里打牌，欣赏着我从未见过的最壮观的景色。

The big company decentralized their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.

这家大公司去年分散了业务，并在该国开设了几个地区办事处，以满足市场的需要。

It is not easy to deduce a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing.

从现有的事实推断增长趋势是不容易的，因为它们非常稀少，也没有那么令人信服。

Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard fixture of most modern kitchens.

以前只在大型工业应用中被发现，现在微波炉已经成为大多数现代厨房的标准设备。

He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that frugality is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.

他呼吁公众在日常生活中储蓄，并相信节俭是对抗鼓励盲目消费的文化的关键。

He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to administrate their programs.

他很适合这个职位，因为他足够年轻，能够理解青少年的想法，但足够成熟，能够管理他们的项目。

When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o’clock that night, she gave a rather disjointed response, which caught the detective’s attention.

当被问及那天晚上9点她在哪里时，她回答得相当不连贯，引起了侦探的注意。

Reviving the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.

复苏停滞的经济，并坚持承诺明年将削减赤字，这将成为新总统的主要考验。

A considerable period of time has to elapse before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.

闭路电视摄像机和手机监控等安全措施在减少犯罪方面的效果还需要相当长一段时间才能显现出来。

1. Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him president of the institute though they held him in high regard.

由于他性格沉静，许多人说他们不会选他为学院的校长，尽管他们很尊敬他。

2. Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company in August. In the interim, he took a trip around the country.

彼得6月份大学毕业，8月开始在汽车公司工作。在此期间，他周游全国。

3. When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as 5,000 responses overnight, he knew he was onto something.

当他使用新的数字技术做的广告在一夜之间吸引了多达5000人的回应时，他知道自己发现了新事物。

4. When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular activities, they will experience a richer campus life which in turn benefits their development.

当学生更多地参与他们的学术和课外活动时，他们将体验到更丰富的校园生活，这反过来也有利于他们的发展。

5. The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their experience from time to time.

研究中心的科学家们保持着不时总结经验的好习惯。

6. Whenever the older kids in school tried to pick on her brother, she would not be afraid to stand up for him.

每当学校里的大一点的孩子想找她哥哥的茬时，她都不怕为他说话。

7. If he doesn’t try to get a ticket now, he’s probably not going to get one. So, he might want to take a stab at it one more time.

如果他现在不去买票，他可能就不会去买票了。所以他可能想再尝试一次。

8. There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to your old computer, but they all boil down to the need for more space.

更换硬盘或给旧电脑增加一个新的硬盘驱动器有很多原因，但它们都归结为需要更多的空间。

l In some urban centers, workaholism（工作狂）is so common that people do not consider it unusual: They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D. C. for example，1)G frequently work 60 to 70 hours a week. They don’t do this because they have to；they do it because they want to.

在一些城市中心，工作狂现象非常普遍，以至于人们并不认为它不寻常:他们认为这种生活方式是正常的。以华盛顿特区的政府工作人员为例，他们经常每周工作60至70小时。他们这样做不是因为他们必须这样做;他们这么做是因为他们想这么做。

l Workaholism can be a serious problem. True workaholics, being deeply 2)I immersed in their work, allow themselves little or no time to take breaks. They like to work without being 3)E disrupted, and they probably don’t know how to relax.

工作狂可能是一个严重的问题。真正的工作狂完全沉浸在工作中，很少或根本没有休息的时间。他们喜欢工作时不受干扰，而且他们可能不知道如何放松。

l But Is workaholism always bad？ Perhaps not. There are people who work well under 4)A stress. Besides, some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest n their own 5)H sphere. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their work 6)N challenges them keeping them busy and genuinely engaged.

但是工作狂总是不好的吗?也许不是。有些人能在压力下工作得很好。此外，一些研究显示，许多工作狂在自己的工作领域中精力充沛、兴趣盎然。他们的工作非常愉快，他们实际上非常高兴。对于大多数工作狂来说，工作和娱乐是一回事。他们的工作挑战着他们，让他们保持忙碌并真正投入。

l Why do workaholics enjoy doing their jobs so much?Of course they get Paychecks from it but it is hard to 7)B quantify the pleasure with money. It offers more than 8)O financial security. Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity and provides them with self-confidence. People have a feeling of satisfaction when they 9)K administrate a business well or complete a challenging piece of work. In addition, most Jobs Provide a socially acceptable way for people to meet others.So, though some people are compulsive（强迫性的）about their work, their 10)L addiction seems to be a safe or even an advantageous one.They feel empty and incomplete when they are involved in activities not related to work.

为什么工作狂如此喜欢自己的工作?当然，他们从中得到薪水，但很难用金钱来量化这种快乐。它提供的不仅仅是财务上的保障。心理学家称，工作给人一种身份认同，给人以自信。当人们把事业管理得很好或完成一项具有挑战性的工作时，会有一种满足感。此外，大多数工作为人们提供了一种社会可接受的认识他人的方式。因此，尽管有些人对他们的工作有强迫症(迫性)，但他们的上瘾似乎是安全的，甚至是有利的。当他们参与与工作无关的活动时，他们会感到空虚和不完整。

1. Sales promotion not only aims at increasing demand at the consumer level, but also is used as a(n) (stimulus) to attract business people’s support.

1. 促销不仅旨在增加消费者层面的需求，而且还被用作一种刺激手段，以吸引商界人士的支持。

 2. The war brought problems of great (magnitude) to the country, with the economy stalled and millions of people left homeless.

2. 战争给这个国家带来了严重的问题，经济停滞，数百万人无家可归。

 3. Wild winds were sweeping through the area at extreme (velocity) , destroying houses and erasing any landmark in their way.

3.狂风以极高的速度横扫该地区，摧毁了房屋，抹去了沿途的任何地标。

4. The food company promised to provide its small retail outlets and local restaurants with free refrigerators if this year’s sales (quota) was met.

4. 这家食品公司承诺，如果满足今年的销售(配额)，将向其小零售店和当地餐馆免费提供冰箱。

 5. It is (stipulated) by the board of directors that bonuses exceeding $100 from subordinate enterprises be handed over to the board.

5. 董事会规定，下属企业超过100美元的奖金要上缴董事会。

6. The host of the television program likes to (tease) his guests about their fancy clothes and ask them some critical questions, which always attracts the viewers.

6. 这个电视节目的主持人喜欢调侃嘉宾的华丽服装，并问他们一些批判性的问题，这总是能吸引观众。

 7. At this forum, students discussed topics such as lowering the legal drinking age and increasing the age at which one would be (eligible) to obtain a driver’s license.

7. 在这个论坛上，学生们讨论了降低法定饮酒年龄和提高获得驾照的年龄等话题。

8. The explosion of luxury and (premium) brands in China during the last decade has been the result of its strong economic growth and people’s increased brand awareness.

8. 过去10年中国奢侈品牌的激增是经济强劲增长和人们品牌意识增强的结果。

9. The speech given by the 80-year-old professor was filled with an unusual mixture of personal reflection and (reminiscence) .

9. 这位80岁的教授的演讲充满了不同寻常的个人反思和回忆。

10. Dissatisfied with the abundance of violence on TV, the public television committee has issued a(n) (decree) for great changes in television and radio programs.

10. 公共电视委员会对电视上充斥的暴力事件感到不满，颁布了一项法令，要求对电视和广播节目进行重大改革。

1. Owing to poor information security, the Information Awareness Office emphasizes that the importance of data privacy should (be embedded in) the formal education process.

1. 由于信息安全欠佳，资讯意识办公室强调资料私隐的重要性，应(纳入)正规教育程序。

2. As a teacher, he enjoys being with students who are able to express their views openly — without (a trace of) fear on their faces or in their voices. 

2. 作为一名老师，他喜欢和那些能够公开表达自己观点的学生在一起——他们的脸上或声音中没有(些许)恐惧。

3. Most people spend up to 90 percent of their time indoors, therefore indoor air quality (is critical to) their health condition.

3.大多数人90%的时间都待在室内，因此室内空气质量(对)他们的健康状况至关重要。

4. The national park has acquired an additional 7,300 acres, mostly (adjacent to) the coast, where it has been restoring the native habitat of some wild birds.

4. 国家公园获得了额外的7300英亩土地，其中大部分(毗邻)海岸，在那里它一直在恢复一些野生鸟类的原生栖息地。

 5. Our society should try to help those unfortunate people live an independent and productive life rather than (1) (beat) them (2) (down) with the notion that they are not competent.

5. 我们的社会应该努力帮助那些不幸的人过上独立而有成效的生活，而不是用他们没有能力的观念(1)(打)(2)(打倒)。

6. Despite the harsh economic conditions of recent years, the local government still (remains committed to) offering generous benefits to its people.

6. 尽管近年来经济形势严峻，当地政府仍致力于为人民提供慷慨的福利。

7. With the growing popularity of the Internet, it is possible to (conceive of) a society where people live where they want, with their jobs following them.

7. 随着互联网的日益普及，有可能(设想)一个社会，人们住在他们想住的地方，工作跟着他们。

8. To (be eligible for) a patent, an invention must be new, useful, original, and not easily discovered or created

8. 要有资格享有专利，一项发明必须是新的、有用的、原创的，而且不容易发现或创造

1. I will conduct a top -to-bottom review of the state departments, agencies, and commissions, and seek to (consolidate) or to eliminate them where appropriate.

 1. 我将对国家部门、机构、委员会进行自上而下的审查，并根据需要进行(合并)或取消。

2. To a 10-year-old girl, you need to offer understanding about her wishes and help her (differentiate) between fantasy and reality.

2. 对于一个10岁的女孩，你需要理解她的愿望，并帮助她(区分)幻想和现实。

 3. When we heard about the (dreadful) suffering of the children and adults, our primary instinct, like millions of others, was to shed tears. 

3.当我们听到儿童和成人遭受(可怕的)苦难时，我们的本能反应和其他数百万人一样，是流泪。

4. It was when we started living together that we found, to our sadness and surprise, that we were (incompatible) .

4. 当我们开始住在一起时，我们发现，令我们悲伤和惊讶的是，我们不兼容

5. It was (alleged) that he had taken a $50,000 bribe before the project was transferred to another company.

5. 据指称，他收受五万元贿款后，该项目才转至另一间公司。

6. The budget proposal has been described as ” (bizarre) ” and “inappropriate” by people objecting to it.

6. 预算提案被形容为“(奇葩)”。以及反对它的人所说的“不合适”。

 7. It seems that what people believe and what researchers have found out about the (correlation) between wealth and happiness are more different than overlapping.

7. 似乎人们对财富和幸福的看法和研究人员所发现的财富和幸福之间的相关性的看法不同，而不是重叠。

8. Current expenditure in this museum is (negligible) in comparison with the huge amount which foreign museums of similar standing spend.

8. 与国外同类博物馆的巨额开支相比，这个博物馆目前的开支微不足道。

 9. The air and rivers in this area are getting cleaner, and attempts to preserve animal species and their (habitats) have been mainly successful.

9. 这个地区的空气和河流正变得越来越干净，保护动物物种及其栖息地的努力主要取得了成功。

 10. If you can provide rational and (intelligible) debates from an unbiased point of view, maybe we will all learn something.

10. 如果你能从公正的角度提供理性的(可理解的)辩论，也许我们都会学到一些东西。

1. After the painter’s move to Paris in 1904, Picasso’s Rose Period paintings (took on) a warmer and more optimistic mood than the previous Blue Period.

 1. 1904年毕加索搬到巴黎后，他的玫瑰时期绘画比之前的蓝色时期更温暖、更乐观。

took on 呈现

2. There are a number of different occasions when you might be (called upon) to make a speech. Therefore, you need to practice how to speak to a large audience.

2. 你可能在许多不同的场合被要求发表演说。因此，你需要练习如何在大量听众面前演讲。

 3. Schools in the US believe that cheating in examinations (runs against the grain) of the “honor system” proposed by Tomas Jefferson hundreds of years ago.

3.美国的学校认为考试作弊(与)托马斯·杰斐逊几百年前提出的“荣誉制度”相违背。

4. Being a major global concern, rapid population growth is believed by many to (be incompatible with) sustainable management of the environment.

4. 作为一个主要的全球问题，人口的快速增长被许多人认为“与环境的可持续管理不相容”。

5. It seems that many people have (come through) periods of stress, with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.

5. 似乎很多人都经历过一段时期的压力，他们的身体和精神都比以前更有活力。

6. More and more native plants disappear every year. Saving them is important because our own survival (is bound up) with their fate.

6. 每年都有越来越多的本土植物消失。拯救他们很重要，因为我们自己的生存与他们的命运息息相关。

7. It’s up to you to (differentiate between) those who have your interests at heart and those who would take advantage of you.

7. 这取决于你如何区分那些把你的利益放在心上的人和那些想占你便宜的人。

 8. Although J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter novels are written for “ages 9-12”, they (have struck a chord with) many older readers.

8. 虽然j·k·罗琳的《哈利·波特》系列小说是为“9-12岁的人”写的，但它们(引起了)许多年长的读者的共鸣。

 Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that agriculture and biodiversity are (1) (incompatible). In fact, quite the opposite is true. The sustainable cultivation of plants for food and feed actually enables us to (2) (preserve) biodiversity.

农业总是干扰动植物的栖息地。然而，这并不一定意味着农业和生物多样性(1)(不相容)。事实上，事实恰恰相反。可持续种植用于食物和饲料的植物实际上使我们能够(2)(保护)生物多样性。

 By 2007, there were more than twice as many people living on the planet as there were in 1961. Over the same period, the total amount of (3) (available) arable (可耕的) land grew by just 10 percent. In comparison with population growth, the expansion of arable land was small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large (4) (proportion) of the earth’s surface — like deserts — is not suitable for cultivation, and other areas are (5) (utilized) by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be preserved and thus should not be (6) (converted) into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species density in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be (7) (dreadful) to these species’ habitats and, indeed, existence.

到2007年，地球上的人口是1961年的两倍多。与此同时，可耕种土地的总量只增长了百分之十。与人口增长相比，耕地的扩张很小。进一步扩张也有限制。地球表面的很大一部分——像沙漠——不适合耕种，而其他地区被人类用于道路和建筑。一些生物多样性丰富的土地需要保护，因此不应该变成耕地。例如，热带雨林拥有世界上最高的物种密度，改变这片土地进行作物种植将对这些物种的栖息地以及生存造成可怕的影响。

By 2050, global demand for food will have risen by 70 percent. But the expansion of land available for cultivation has its limits. This is one of the greatest challenges facing agriculture today: How do we (8) (balance) the increased demand for food with the need to maintain biological diversity, now and in the future?

到2050年，全球对粮食的需求将增长70%。但是，扩大耕地面积也有其局限性。这是当今农业面临的最大挑战之一:在现在和未来，我们如何(8)平衡日益增长的粮食需求和维持生物多样性的需要?

Efficient and (9) (sane) use of land will be key to preserving natural animal and plant habitats. To achieve this aim will depend to a(n) (10) (considerable) extent on the use of modern agricultural methods. If these methods are successfully applied, we believe that agriculture and biodiversity can coexist in harmony.

有效而合理地利用土地将是保护自然动植物栖息地的关键。实现这一目标将在很大程度上取决于现代农业方法的使用。如果这些方法被成功应用，我们相信农业和生物多样性可以和谐共存。

1. If these different assessment methods converge on the same conclusion, then we can have greater confidence in their outcome.

1. 如果这些不同的评估方法汇聚在同一个结论上，那么我们对它们的结果就会有更大的信心。

2. There is little doubt that the effectiveness of the reform was greatly (impaired) by its internal difficulties and external opposition.

2. 毫无疑问，改革的成效因其内部困难和外部反对而大大受损。

3. The pollution from the factories continues to (contaminate) the river and also poses a serious health threat to people living nearby.

3.工厂排放的污染物继续污染这条河，并对附近居民的健康造成严重威胁。

 4. Indeed, the (vulgar) behavior popularized by music videos, reality television, and violent movies indicated that authority, standards, and personal responsibility all had declined.

4. 事实上，由音乐视频、真人秀电视和暴力电影普及的(粗俗)行为表明，权威、标准和个人责任都下降了。

 5. The clinic was terribly expensive because the cost of a typical 20-day stay in it was equivalent to the annual salary of an average city (dweller) .

5. 这家诊所非常昂贵，因为在那里呆20天的费用相当于一个城市(居民)的平均年薪。

6. When Hollywood films deal with controversial social issues, they do so, for the most part, in a way that is designed not to (alienate) mainstream audiences.

6. 当好莱坞电影在处理有争议的社会问题时，它们在很大程度上是以一种不(疏远)主流观众的方式来处理的。

7. Many old residents in the neighborhood prefer (strolling) along the beach to sitting in front of the television.

7. 这附近的许多老居民喜欢沿着海滩散步，而不喜欢坐在电视机前看电视。

 8. One way to reduce fear of needles is to explain to patients who need to be (injected) that they will not feel any pain with modern needles.

8. 减少对针头恐惧的一种方法是向需要(注射)的病人解释，使用现代针头他们不会感到疼痛。

 9. We (deplore) the fact that he has shaped his proposals for educational reform while virtually ignoring what is being done along those lines in other regions of the world.

9.我们（感到遗憾的是）他塑造了他的教育改革建议，而实际上却忽视了世界其他地区正在按照这些方针正在开展的工作。

10. They saw factory work as a source of pride rather than low status, and in this way they (inverted) the ideas of people in traditionally more powerful classes of society.

10. 他们把工厂的工作看作是骄傲的源泉，而不是地位低下的源泉，通过这种方式，他们(颠覆)了传统上更有权势的社会阶层的人的观念。

1. In many places of the world, there are still those who encourage women to stay at home and (be obedient to) their husbands.

1. 在世界上许多地方，仍然有一些人鼓励妇女呆在家里，(顺从)她们的丈夫。

2. As the old lady walked toward the door with her grandson, she held on to his arm and (leaned against) his shoulder for support.

2. 当老太太带着孙子走向门口时，她抓住他的胳膊，靠在他的肩膀上支撑着。

 3. We do not (subscribe to) the view that when the data analysis does not give rise to the expected results, the quality of the data is to blame.

3.我们不同意这样的观点，即当数据分析没有产生预期的结果时，数据的质量是罪魁祸首。

4. She is the first woman to (preside over) the agency, which, with a staff of 425, regulates all fishing and hunting in the state.

4. 她是该机构的首位女性负责人，该机构有425名员工，负责管理该州所有的渔业和狩猎活动。

5. When you feel tired, you can try relaxing in a warm bubble bath, listening to music and (shutting out) the world for a while.

5. 当你感到累的时候，你可以试着洗一个温暖的泡泡浴放松一下，听音乐，暂时把世界关在外面。

6. When the pop singer first arrived in the city, he (plunged into) the crowds, who had turned out in their thousands to greet him.

6. 当这位流行歌手刚到这个城市时，他一头扎进了成千上万前来欢迎他的人群中。

 7. On the whole, the less education that people have, the more likely they are to (be intolerant of) those who differ from them.

7. 总的来说，人们受的教育越少，他们就越有可能(不能容忍)与自己不同的人。

8. The main idea of the article is that our reliance on modern technology has created a society where people (are disconnected from) one another and immersed in their own world.

8. 这篇文章的主要观点是，我们对现代技术的依赖已经创造了一个社会，在这个社会里，人们(与)彼此隔绝，沉浸在自己的世界里。

Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to fabricate anything to mislead the public.

虽然他不是法律专家，但他知道编造任何误导公众的东西都是不恰当的。

He does not work full time there, but he has been the nominal head of the organization’s scholarship program for five years.

他没有在那里全职工作，但他已经担任该组织奖学金项目的名义负责人五年了。

As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important temporal clues — dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.

当马克在最初的移民之旅中走访这些网站时，他发现了一些重要的时间线索——注明日期的公共汽车票、购物收据和日历。

In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the reciprocal influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.

在城市规划中，重要的是考虑交通网络和其他设施之间的相互影响，如购物中心和医疗中心。

The label “Smart Choices” on the front of food packages usually denotes products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠） content.

食品包装正面的“明智选择”标签通常表示产品符合低脂肪、低糖和低钠的标准。

The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three consecutive years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.

新墨西哥州和亚利桑那州的公立高中毕业率已经连续三年上升，这要归功于一个在线项目，该项目帮助学生获得缺失的学分。

In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 spectators were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.

在上周航空展的事故中，一架战斗机撞向人群，造成一名飞行员和10名观众死亡。

The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them muttering something about going out for a movie with friends.

母亲不知道男孩们去了哪里，但她听到他们嘀咕着要和朋友出去看电影。

This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a composite of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.

这张最新发布的地球照片实际上是本月早些时候由一颗新的研究卫星拍摄的几张照片的合成。

You shouldn’t feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or malicious in his words.

你不应该感到受侮辱。我们可以向你保证，他的本意是友好的，他的话中没有任何不礼貌或恶意。

1. We chatted for half an hour before he finally got to the point: He wanted to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the name of certain potential clients.

我们聊了半个小时，他终于说到点子上了:他想当一名商业顾问，不知道我能否把某些潜在客户的名字告诉他。

2. Scientists at the research center identified various features that are attached to the commodities purchased by female consumers.

研究中心的科学家们发现了女性消费者购买的商品所具有的各种特征。

3. The three mountain climbers would have starved to death if the villagers had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.

如果村民们没有发现他们躺在山谷底部的话，这三个登山者会饿死的。

4. The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he didn’t stop crying.If anything, his crying became more intense.

男孩胆怯地抬头看着坐在他旁边的父亲，但他还是哭个不停。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是他的哭声变得更强烈了。

5. Since no one knew how the disease spread, they were suspicious of everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other neighborhoods.

由于没有人知道这种疾病是如何传播的，他们对一切都持怀疑态度，包括蚊子、游泳池和来自其他社区的人。

6. At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just wandered around to talk about the harsh economic situation.

在新闻发布会上，政府发言人避免直接回答有关医疗改革的问题。相反，他只是四处闲逛，谈论严酷的经济形势。

7. Mr.Roger, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software engineer and play folk music on the side.

罗杰先生，你昨天在博物馆里见过他，他是一名软件工程师，同时还演奏民间音乐。

8. These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their student bodies was representative of district’s enrollment, which included a large proportion of children from immigrant families.

我们之所以选择这些学校进行调查，是因为他们的学生团体构成代表了地区的招生情况，其中包括很大一部分来自移民家庭的孩子。

l Stereotypes have some truth mixed in with a few generalizations. Sometimes these generalizations can be misleading as they are often based on observation of the 1)L exterior behavior of people in a certain culture. Spaghetti, pasta, mafia (黑手党), gestures, fashion- these are some words commonly used to describe Italians. How much truth is there in the stereotype? As an Italian myself, I will give you some 2)E insights into Italian soul and clarify some misunderstandings that foreigners have about us.

刻板印象有一些真理混在一起一些概括。有时，这些概括可能具有误导性，因为它们通常基于对某一文化中人们的外部行为的观察。意大利面、意大利面、黑手党、手势、时尚——这些词通常用来形容意大利人。刻板印象中有多少是真实的？作为一个意大利人，我将会给你一些关于意大利人灵魂的见解，并澄清一些外国人对我们的误解。

l Spaghetti and pasta are sacred. You can’t take pasta away from an Italian meal; otherwise it won’t be 3)O complete. A typical Italian meal generally includes pasta as a starter, fish or meat with salad as the main 4)J course, followed by fruit or dessert, and then coffee. But there are considerable regional differences in Italy, and hence 5) G inconsistencies exist between the stereotype and reality. For instance, you might find risotto（加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭) replacing pasta in some places!

意大利面和意大利面是神圣的。你不能把意大利面从意大利餐中带走;否则它就不完整。典型的意大利餐一般是先吃意大利面，主菜是鱼或肉和沙拉，然后是水果或甜点，最后是咖啡。但意大利的地区差异很大，因此刻板印象和现实之间存在不一致。例如，你可能会发现意大利调味饭(加肉，鱼或蔬菜的调味饭)在某些地方取代了意大利面

l The Mafia is real: We are not proud of it, but it does exist, especially in the South and on the island of Sicily. Obviously, not every Italian is a member of the Mafia, and most will be 6) H offended if you use the term, even if you are just joking.

黑手党是真实存在的:我们并不以它为荣，但它确实存在，尤其是在南部和西西里岛。显然，并不是每个意大利人都是黑手党的一员，如果你使用这个词，大多数人会觉得被冒犯了，即使你只是开玩笑。

l Yes, the way we speak is unique. Italians use 7)A gestures a lot in communication. We simply cannot talk without our hands. If the hands are busy doing something else, we start moving shoulders or other parts of the body.

是的，我们说话的方式很独特。意大利人在交流中经常使用手势。我们没有手就不能说话。如果手在忙着做别的事情，我们就开始活动肩膀或身体的其他部位。

l We are also fashion victims. You can recognize Italians by the way they dress from head to toe. We wear stylish clothes and 8)C ornaments for every possible occasion. You won’t ever see an Italian wearing running shorts combined with long socks: It’s simply against our 9）I sense of style !

我们也是时尚的受害者。从意大利人从头到脚的穿衣方式你就能认出他们。我们在任何可能的场合都穿时髦的衣服和饰品。你永远不会看到一个意大利人把运动短裤和长袜子搭配在一起:这完全违背了我们的时尚品味!

l Italy is made up of many regions and provinces which are similar in some ways and 10) M distinctive in others. The stereotype contains some truth, but being Italian takes a lot more than that.

意大利由许多地区和省份组成，这些地区和省份在某些方面相似，而在另一些方面则各具特色。这种刻板印象包含了一些事实，但作为意大利人需要的远不止这些。

1. If the product is defective, the customers can ship it to us at our expense, and we will replace it or (refund) to them the purchase price.

1. 如果产品有问题，客户可以用船运给我们，费用由我们承担，我们将退换货或(退款)给他们。

2. Tensions occur in many smaller communities where development pressure and population growth cause (friction / frictions) between longtime residents and newcomers, who often have different backgrounds and values.

2. 在许多较小的社区，发展压力和人口增长会导致长期居民和新来者之间的紧张关系，他们往往有着不同的背景和价值观。

  3. The manager had lots of questions about the dispute between the two departments, but he resolved to stay (mute) until someone told him the whole truth.  

3.经理对这两个部门之间的纠纷有许多疑问，但他决定保持沉默，直到有人告诉他全部真相。

4. She had hoped to be home early enough to pick up her son from school, but she was (detained) by a long meeting at work until late evening.

4. 她本来希望能早点回家接儿子放学，但她被一次长时间的工作会议拘留到深夜。

5. This analytic software enables businesses to (extract) relevant information about the customers, for example, age and education level, from a large range of documents.

5. 这种分析软件使企业能够(提取)客户的相关信息，例如，年龄和教育水平，从大量的文件。

 6. Every year the American Association of Poison Control Centers (compiles) statistics on accidental deaths from drugs, vitamins and other supplements.

6. 美国毒物控制中心协会每年都会汇编药物、维生素和其他补充剂意外死亡的统计数据。

7. Although not as practical as cars with fixed metal roofs, (convertibles) are appealing because they look cool and ready for summer driving fun.

7. 虽然不像固定金属车顶的汽车那么实用，(敞篷车)还是很有吸引力的，因为它们看起来很酷，可以在夏天驾驶乐趣。

8. The rebels have said that they would not try to take the capital before peace talks (mediated) by a third party begin next week.

8. 叛乱分子表示，在下周由第三方开始的和平谈判（调解）之前，他们不会试图占领首都。

9. She spoke in a(n) (tactful) yet sincere manner, which made him relaxed and willing to talk about his life: his poorly-paid job and his unhappy marriage.

9. 她说话的态度委婉而真诚，这使他很放松，愿意谈论他的生活:他的低收入工作和他不幸福的婚姻。

 10. The president delivered an enthusiastic speech, in which he expressed confidence in building national (cohesion) and unity by improving the life of all citizens.

10. 总统发表了热情的演讲，他在演讲中表达了通过改善全体公民的生活来建立国家凝聚力和团结的信心。

1. Women’s attainment in career still (lags behind) that of men, even in developed countries where women have been participating in the workforce for decades.

 1. 女性在事业上的成就仍然(落后于)男性，即使在女性已经参加工作数十年的发达国家也是如此。

 2. Talented and diligent, Robert Hume was (put in charge of) managing the entire Company’s accounts when he was only 25.

2. 罗伯特·休谟才华横溢，勤奋好学，年仅25岁就负责管理整个公司的账目。

3. A number of economists have proposed that the government should (1) (take a) balanced (2) (approach to) dealing with the nation’s tremendous deficits.

3.许多经济学家建议政府应该采取一种平衡的方法来处理国家巨大的赤字。

4. Over the past few months, Mr. Flake has seen his fame steadily rise, being (singled out) for praise in a Wall Street Journal article and interviewed by some influential journalists.

4. 在过去的几个月里，弗莱克的名声稳步上升，他在《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)的一篇文章中受到了表扬，还接受了一些有影响力的记者的采访。

 5. As soon as the paperwork was done, he left the office and (headed for) the airport to catch an early afternoon flight to Florida.

5. 文书工作一完成，他就离开办公室，(前往)机场，赶下午早些时候的航班去佛罗里达。

 6. Some cities have adopted Bus Rapid Transit, a system in which some features of the train, such as speed, reliability and comfort, are (incorporated into) the bus system.

6. 一些城市已经采用了快速公交系统，这种系统将火车的一些特点，如速度、可靠性和舒适度，都融入了公交系统。

7. The adverse weather conditions raised safety concerns, so they decided to (1) (divert) three flights (2) (to) a nearby airport.

7. 不利的天气条件引起了人们对安全问题的关注，所以他们决定将三架航班改道到附近的机场。

8. According to a study published last month, global warming (has had an impact on) crop yields since 1980, pushing up prices of wheat and corn worldwide.

8. 根据上月发表的一项研究，自1980年以来，全球变暖(已经对)农作物产量产生了影响，推高了全球小麦和玉米的价格。

alien

/’eɪlɪən/ adj. 外国的；相异的，性质不同的；不相容的；陌生的

optic

/’ɒptɪk/ adj. 光学的；视觉的；眼睛的

Symmetrical

 /sɪ’metrɪk(ə)l/ adj. 匀称的，对称的

Lubricate

 /’luːbrɪkeɪt/ vi. 润滑；涂油；起润滑剂作用

Twinkle

 /’twɪŋk(ə)l/ v. 闪烁；（眼睛）闪亮，闪闪发光；发亮；轻快移动

Mediator

 /’miːdɪeɪtə/ n. 调停者；传递者；中介物

Outpost

 /’aʊt,post/ n. 前哨；警戒部队；边区村落

Traverse

 /’trævəs; trə’vɜːs/ v. 穿过；来回移动；反驳；阻挠；详细研究；旋转

Emancipate

 /ɪ’mænsɪpeɪt/ vt. 解放；释放

Deductive

 /dɪ’dʌktɪv/ adj. 演绎的；推论的；推断的

When I first came to this city, everything was alien to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment.

当我第一次来到这座城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的。我花了很长时间来适应新环境。

Something growing in her brain caused damage to her optic nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again.

她大脑中生长的一些东西对她的视神经造成了损伤，医生认为她再也见不到东西了。

The front side of the house has a symmetrical arrangement of windows and door and two windows on each side.

房子的正面有对称的窗户和门，每一面都有两扇窗户。

He cleaned the old machine and lubricated the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again.

他清洗了那台旧机器，并用一点矿物油给活动部件上了润滑油，希望它能再次运转。

We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars twinkled.

我们可以看出这是一个清爽的冬夜，因为头顶上，在建筑物的阴影之间，闪烁着许多星星。

During his work on child protection, he often acts as a mediator between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do.

在他的儿童保护工作中，他经常充当父母和孩子之间的调解人，让父母知道他们能做什么和不能做什么。

Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their outposts in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village.

出于安全考虑，指挥官命令他的部队离开山区的前哨，返回附近村庄的基地。

It’s exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you’re traversing the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside.

到国外旅行是令人兴奋的，不管你是在穿越非洲的荒野，还是只是周末去乡下旅行。

In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women’s rights, announcing that they would emancipate women through education and work.

20世纪70年代，一些国家通过了保护妇女权利的法律，宣布将通过教育和工作解放妇女。

The basic idea of deductive reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.

演绎推理的基本思想是，如果某件事对某一类事物是真实的，那么这个真理适用于这类事物的所有成员。

1 The amount of oil capable of being extracted from the earth is ever decreasing, and we will be officially running out of oil some day.

1 .可从地球上开采的石油越来越少，总有一天我们会正式用完石油。

2 They sought to emancipate the country from the old rigid traditions and to open it up to different cultures of the world.

他们试图把国家从旧的僵化传统中解放出来，并向世界上不同的文化开放。

 3 In order to cater to customers who don’t have credit cards, the company will soon allow shoppers to select products online, pick them up at its .local store and pay for them in cash.

为了迎合那些没有信用卡的顾客，该公司将很快允许顾客在网上挑选商品，在当地的商店取货，然后用现金付款。

4 We should return the power to the communities and the people, so that they can  have a say on important issues in their own neighborhoods.

我们应该把权力还给社区和人民，让他们在自己社区的重要问题上有发言权。

5 Every morning the chickens flocked from all corners of the yard and made a racket loud enough to be heard in the village.

每天早晨，鸡群从院子的各个角落聚集起来，发出的喧闹声在村子里都能听到。

6 In the movie, Anne was a bright and charming teenager, and her parents believed she was destined to become a great writer.

在电影中，安妮是一个聪明迷人的少年，她的父母相信她注定会成为一个伟大的作家。

7 John arrived late for the baseball game because he had to run errands for mom in the morning to the grocery store and the post office.

约翰去看棒球比赛迟到了，因为早上他要替妈妈跑腿去杂货店和邮局。

  8 After her husband lost his job as a taxi driver two years ago, the family has been scraping by on her small earnings from housekeeping jobs.

两年前，她的丈夫失去了出租车司机的工作，一家人一直靠她做家务的微薄收入勉强度日。

To invest in women’s education and health is important for the overall welfare of the human society. The reason for saying so is obvious, that is, women are playing important roles in modem society. The politicians who levy taxes should know that women contribute to 40 percent of the world’s production in agriculture, a quarter in industry, and a third in services. Women farmers in the developing countries grow at least 50 percent of the world’s food. In addition to  generating income women continue to take responsibilities for household activities such as childcare, cleaning and preparing food, which are sometimes not as lightweight and easy as generally thought.

投资于妇女的教育和健康对人类社会的整体福利至关重要。原因是显而易见的，那就是女性在现代社会中扮演着重要的角色。征税的政客们应该知道，妇女在世界农业生产中贡献了40%，在工业中贡献了四分之一，在服务业中贡献了三分之一。发展中国家的女性农民种植了至少50%的世界粮食。除了创造收入外，妇女继续承担家庭活动的责任，如照顾孩子，清洁和准备食物，有时并不像通常认为的那样轻巧和容易。

Yet women’s productivity remains low. Improving women’s productivity can greatly benefit economic growth and poverty reduction , which are key development goals around the world. Hence, to enhance womens status is a vital part of the World Bank’s strategy for broadly based economic and human resource development.

然而，女性的生产力仍然很低。提高妇女的生产力可以大大有利于经济增长和减贫，这是世界各地的关键发展目标。因此，提高妇女地位是世界银行基础广泛的经济和人力资源开发战略的一个重要组成部分。

To improve women’s welfare calls for the efforts of both women and men. If long-term change in the conditions of women is to be achieved , the actions and attitudes of men must change, rather than simply to emancipate women from old conventions. Problems affecting women are often closely related to the social  relationships between men and women. For example, it is impossible to deal with women’s health problems effectively through approaches that involve only women. Many women’s health problems are embedded in unequal gender relation in work loads, responsibilities for family welfare, as well as access to resources and decision-making.

改善妇女福利，需要男女共同努力。如果要实现妇女条件的长期改变，男子的行动和态度就必须改变，而不是简单地把妇女从旧习俗中解放出来。影响妇女的问题往往与男女之间的社会关系密切相关。例如，不可能通过只涉及妇女的办法有效地处理妇女的健康问题。许多妇女的健康问题都与工作负荷、家庭福利责任以及获得资源和决策机会等方面不平等的性别关系有关。

1 If you take public (transit)to the airport,  you may have to leave four hours ahead of your departure time as traffic is heavy during rush hours.

如果你乘坐公共交通去机场，你可能要提前4个小时出发，因为高峰时间交通拥挤。

2 There are a lot of Western influences in this South Pacific island nation although it was never(colonized) by a Western power.

尽管这个南太平洋岛国从未被西方大国殖民过，但仍然受到很多西方的影响。

3One argument against the death penalty is that the court may make a wrong decision and hence the result may be the wrongful (execution)of an innocent person.

3反对死刑的一个论点是，法院可能作出错误的决定，因此结果可能是错误地(处决)一个无辜者。

4 With a well-defined theme, it is easier for the writer to(distill)his ideas, present them in a simple fashion, and tell the story effectively.

有了明确的主题，作者更容易提炼出自己的想法，以简单的方式呈现它们，并有效地讲述故事

5The rigid division of labor between women and men makes us realize how deeply rooted gender(segregation) is in these societies.

男女之间僵硬的劳动分工使我们意识到性别(隔离)在这些社会中是多么根深蒂固。

 6A large proportion of the rural population  Is(illiterate)since tens of thousands of people grew up during wartime, when most schools were closed down.

由于数以万计的人是在战争时期长大的，当时大多数学校都关闭了，农村人口中很大一部分是文盲。

7In recent years, a large number of ancient stone(artifacts) have been uncovered in various East African sites extending along the Nile River.

近年来，在尼罗河沿岸的多个东非遗址中发现了大量的古代石器(文物)。

8 The United States became a larger economy than the United Kingdom in 1872, but the dollar did not (displace)the pound as the reigning international currency until after World War II.

美国在1872年成为比英国更大的经济体，但是美元直到第二次世界大战之后才取代英镑成为主要的国际货币。

9After several nights of sleeping on the ground and being (vigilant) for bears, the bed in our room at the tiny inn felt like one in a five-star hotel.

在地面上睡了几个晚上之后，我们对熊保持警惕，在这个小旅馆的床感觉就像在五星级酒店的床。

10 The new invention may(overthrow)the existing system of commercial networks and bring tremendous changes to the computer industry.

这项新发明可能会(推翻)现有的商业网络系统，并给计算机工业带来巨大的变化。

1 Toward the end of the season, he(was ejected from) the remaining games for throwing a bottle and a hand towel at officials.

在赛季快结束的时候，他因为向裁判扔瓶子和手巾而被逐出了剩下的比赛

2 Some high school students smoke only because their peers smoke and they are afraid of(being looked down on) if they do not do the same.

一些高中生吸烟只是因为他们的同学吸烟，他们害怕如果他们不吸烟(被人看不起)。

3Many first-generation immigrants think of English as the language of power in American society, and some even (forbid)their children(from)speaking their mother tongue at home.

许多第一代移民认为英语在美国社会中是有权势的语言，有些人甚至禁止他们的孩子在家里说母语。

4When we got closer, we saw two thick ropes that (were coiled up with)the top branch of the tree .It seemed that someone had climbed up there to search for a hidden object.

我们走近一看，看见有两根粗绳缠在树顶的树枝上。似乎有人爬到那里去寻找一个隐藏的东西。

were coiled up with:被卷起来的

 5My father had been writing about and giving speeches on politics for a long time before he (ran for) the Mayor’s office in 2014.

在我父亲2014年竞选市长之前，他已经写了很长一段时间的政治文章并发表了很多关于政治的演讲。

6 Although he was not really interested in the job, he took it(against his will) because his parents strongly believed that the position would give him a bright future.

虽然他对这份工作并不真正感兴趣，但他还是(违背自己的意愿)接受了，因为他的父母坚信这份工作能给他一个光明的未来。

7 When the company reached its lowest point in 2008, nobody thought it had (a ghost of)a chance to be reorganized and revived.

当公司在2008年达到最低点时，没有人认为它有一丝机会重组和复苏。

8 When I heard the music on the radio, I thought of my aunt Evelyn, who, at the age of 63,(took up)a career as an opera singer.

当我听到收音机里的音乐时，我想起了我的伊芙琳阿姨，她63岁了，开始了歌剧演唱家的职业。

indefinite

adj. 无限期的，期限不定的；模糊不清的，不明确的；（词，屈折变化，短语）不定的

intricate

adj. 错综复杂的；难理解的，难学会的

unify

v. （使）联合，（使）统一；使协调

inaugurate

v. 为……举行就职典礼；为……举行落成仪式；开创，开展

collaboration

n. 合作，协作；勾结，通敌；合作成果

diffuse

v. 扩散，弥漫；减弱，平息（不良情绪或局面）；传播，散布

adj. 扩散的，弥漫的；难解的，冗长的

slash

• v. （用利器）砍，劈；大幅度削减，大大降低；严厉批评，抨击；猛力移动，袭击
• n. （用刀等）砍，劈；（长而窄的）伤口，砍痕；斜杠，斜线号；<英，非正式> 撒尿，小便；装饰性开叉；（喻）明亮的条纹（或色线）；<美> 残留枝桠；沼泽低地

fringe

• n. 穗，流苏；<英>刘海儿；（地区、组织或活动范围的）边缘，外围；偏激的人，极端的活动；干扰条纹，散乱边纹；（动物的）缘缨，（植物的）毛缘；（工资外的）补贴，附加福利
• v. 在……上装以缘饰，加穗于；形成……的边缘
• adj. 次要的，非主流的

ventilate

v. 使通风，使通气；（用呼吸机）给……供氧；

extinct

adj. 灭绝的；消亡的；（火山）死的；（贵族称号）无合法继承人的；熄灭了的

1 While conservatives today play a dominant role in mainstream politics, there was once a time when they were on the fringe of American political life.

虽然如今保守派在主流政治中占据主导地位，但他们也曾一度处于美国政治生活的边缘.。

2 The World Health Organization (WHO) was established in 1948, and one of its first responsibilities then was to unify the separate international health-related treaties in a single code.

世界卫生组织(世卫组织)成立于1948年，当时其首要职责之一是将独立的国际卫生相关条约统一为一部典。

3 Because of over-hunting, the number of certain types of whales has been reduced so greatly that they are in danger of becoming extinct

由于过度捕猎，某些类型的鲸的数量已经大大减少，它们正处于灭绝的危险之中

4 The senator, who was against the war, claimed that with all the indefinite and complex economic and political factors, the outcome of the war was still uncertain.

这位反对战争的参议员声称，由于各种不确定的、复杂的经济和政治因素，战争的结果仍然不确定

5 Online shopping and other electronic services could well slash the  number of entrylevel jobs in the traditional retail sector.

网上购物和其他电子服务很可能会大幅削减传统零售行业的入门级职位数量。

6 The theater is equipped with a(n) intricate system of stage machinery to meet the demands of even most complex show.

这个剧院配备了一个复杂的舞台机械系统，以满足最复杂的演出的需要。

7 On March 28, Yang, a famous singer in China, was there with thousands of visitors to inaugurate the first jewelry store in city.

3月28日，中国著名歌手杨绛与成千上万的游客一起为上海第一家珠宝店的举行开业典礼。

8 Experts point out people will rea see the need to ventilate their homes for fresh air to get rid of viruses that may cause disease.

专家指出，人们将再次认识到通风换气、呼吸新鲜空气的必要性，以清除可能导致疾病的病毒。

9 Our university bas introduced an important new scheme in collaboration with IBM, which will help to prepare students for the working environment.

我们大学与IBM公司合作推出了一项重要的新计划，这将帮助学生为适应工作环境做好准备。

10 The speed at which new technologies are adopted and diffused can affect the ability of innovators to flourish in a particular economy.

新技术的采用和传播速度会影响创新者在特定经济体中蓬勃发展的能力。

1 The president of the library points out that once community groups realize they can hold education events there, the library’s schedule will quickly fill up.

图书馆的总统指出，一旦社区团体意识到他们可以在那里举办教育活动，图书馆的日程很快就会排满。

2 While the energy market share for coal is projected to decline in many parts of the world, coal is still expected to be the most common fuel in the next few decades.

尽管煤炭在世界许多地区的能源市场份额预计将下降，但预计在未来几十年，煤炭仍将是最常见的燃料。

3 I would like to purchase my own home. I have factored in rates, mortgage and house insurance and it’s only a bit more expensive than what I currently pay in rent.

我想买属于我自己的房子。我已经把利率、抵押贷款和房屋保险考虑在内，它只比我现在付的房租贵一点。

4 According to report, there was no evidence showing that these biotech products would pose a risk to human life or health.

据报告，没有证据表明这些生物技术产品会对人类生命或健康构成风险。

5 Before going further, let me clear up an important point about the organizations that are involved in this research program.

在进一步讨论之前，让我先弄清楚参与这个研究项目的组织的一个重要问题。

6 In many cases, expert power is derived from possession of special knowledge or skills important to the functioning of certain types of organizations.

在许多情况下，专家权力来自于拥有对某些类型的组织的运作很重要的特殊知识或技能。

7 Global stability will hinge on the ability of nations to share the fruits of a shrinking planet in harmony and with greater equity.

全球稳定将取决于各国能否和谐、更公平地分享这个不断缩小的星球带来的成果。

8 The holiday shopping season is upon us, and one of the toughest challenges of this time is to find a gift that is appropriate for your dearest and won’t burn a hole in your wallet.

假期购物季即将来临，而最困难的挑战之一就是找到一件既适合你最亲爱的人又不会让你的钱包烧个洞的礼物。

With environmental damage from coal- and gas-derived power already at crisis levels, even alternatives that are currently limitedly available are looking great. Wind power, an energy source that costs far less than nuclear and coal power and contributes no toxic 1) particulates to the environment, seems to many of us highly 2) viable and ideal.

由于煤炭和天然气发电对环境的破坏已经达到危机水平，即使是目前有限的替代能源看起来也很不错。 风能的成本远低于核能和煤电，而且不会对环境产生有毒微粒，在我们许多人看来，它是非常可行和理想的能源。

But there are people who 3)disagree and are fighting the installation of new wind turbines. They 4)cite bird deaths as an unacceptable side-effect of wind-generated power. Through various forms of protests, they hope to save huge numbers of birds from death at the 5) rotary blades of massive wind turbines.

但也有人不同意，反对安装新的风力涡轮机。他们指出，鸟类死亡是风力发电不可接受的副作用。他们希望通过各种形式的抗议，拯救大量死在大型风力涡轮机旋转叶片上的鸟类。

No one really knows how many birds die each year as a result of the growing wind power industry. Most studies focus on only one or two wind farms. Yet, published studies suggest that wind farms 6)vary considerably in the risk they pose to birds. Some wind turbines don’t appear to kill any birds, while others are believed to kill as many as 40 birds per turbine per year. Though these reports tell us 7)little about the total number of birds killed, do tell us that steps can be taken when constructing wind power turbines to 8)minimize their impact on birds. For example, wind farms should not be built on bird migration routes. Wind turbines should be erected in ways to avoid 9)locating blades at a height where birds tend to fly. Wind towers should be 10)designed carefully to prevent birds from sitting or resting on them.

没有人真正知道每年有多少只鸟因为风力发电产业的发展而死亡。大多数研究只关注一两个风电场。然而，已发表的研究表明，风力发电场对鸟类造成的风险差别很大。一些风力涡轮机似乎不会杀死任何鸟类，而另一些涡轮机则被认为每年杀死多达40只鸟类。虽然这些报告几乎没有告诉我们鸟类死亡的总数，但确实告诉我们，在建造风力涡轮机时，可以采取一些措施，把它们对鸟类的影响降到最低。例如，风电场不应该建在鸟类迁徙的路线上。风力涡轮机的安装方式应该避免叶片位于鸟类容易飞行的高度。风塔在设计时应小心谨慎，防止鸟儿在上面栖息

Some reports even argue that well-planned wind power can actually save many birds if it is used increasingly to replace power generation from fossil fuels.

一些报道甚至认为，如果精心规划的风力发电越来越多地取代化石燃料发电，实际上可以拯救许多鸟类。

neutralize

v. 使失效，抵消；中和，使成为中性；使中立；击毁，摧毁（炸弹或军事目标）

disclose

v. 透露，公开；揭开，使显露

dual

• adj. 双的，双重的；双数的；（飞机）双重控制的，复式操纵的；（定理、表达式等）对偶的
• n. 双数词；对偶定理（或表达式等）
• v. <英>把（道路）改为复式车行道

intermittent

adj. 间歇的，断断续续的

dodge

• v. 闪开，躲开；巧妙躲避，施计回避；按变换序列鸣钟；（冲洗或放大时）局部遮光
• n. 逃避的诡计，骗人的伎俩；躲闪

intrigue

• v. 激起……的兴趣，引发……的好奇心；密谋
• n. 密谋策划，阴谋；秘密的恋情，秘密关系；神秘力量，神秘气氛

foretell

v. 预言，预测

coherent

adj. 有条理的，连贯的；说话条理清晰的，易于理解的；团结一致的，凝聚的；（波）相干的，相参的；黏着的，黏连的

wholesale

• n. 批发，趸售
• adj. 批发的，趸售的；大规模的，大批的
• adv. 批发地，成批卖地；完全地
• v. 批发销售；以……价格批发

volatile

• adj. 易变的，动荡不定的，反复无常的；（情绪）易变的，易怒的，突然发作的；（液体或固体）易挥发的，易气化的；（计算机内存）易失的
• n. 挥发物；<罕>有翅的动物

1 Up to that time, J hadn’t thought much about classical musicians. What had intrigued me were the composers, the instruments and the titles of pop songs.

在那之前，J对古典音乐家并没有太多的想法。吸引我的是那些作曲家、乐器和流行歌曲的名称。

2 If medicines from two different disease care systems are used simultaneously, they might neutralize the effects of each other, leaving the patient in disappointment.

如果同时使用来自两种不同疾病护理系统的药物，它们可能会抵消彼此的影响，让患者失望。

3 Clothing style in and out of the workplace has evolved considerably. Both men and women ha ve been faced with choices so numerous that many have failed to produce a(n) coherent style.

工作场所内外的服装风格已经发生了很大的变化。男性和女性都面临过如此多的选择，以至于许多人都无法形成连贯的风格。

4 Though oil prices are volatile , most energy experts believe that today’s high prices will become the norm as demand in developing economies keeps exerting steady pressure on the supply of oil and gasoline.

尽管石油价格不稳定，但大多数能源专家认为，随着发展中经济体的需求持续对石油和汽油供应施加稳定的压力，今天的高油价将成为常态。

5 Cosmetic manuiacrurers would be required to disclose ingredients in their products that are identified as causing cancer or other problems.

化妆品制造商将被要求公开其产品中被确定为导致癌症或其他问题的成分

6 The truth of matter is, we cannot foretell with any real accuracy what the consequences of the latest biotechnological developments will be.

事实的真相是，我们无法真正准确地预言最新生物技术发展的后果会是什么。

7 Marie has been avoiding her friends and coworkers. The only person she can’t seem to dodge is her next-door neighbor, Lucy.

玛丽一直在避开她的朋友和同事。唯一一个她躲不开的人似乎是她的隔壁邻居露西。

8 There are still no sewage (污水） systems in most of the city and electricity is intermittent . On a good day, residents get only three hours of electricity on and three hours off.

城市的大部分地区仍然没有排污系统，电力也是“断断续续”的。天气好的时候，居民们只有三小时的通电时间和三小时的断电时间。

9 Climate change isn’t chiefly an environmental issue. It’s a massive social and technological challenge that will force the wholesale transformation of our economy.

气候变化并不主要是环境问题。这是一个巨大的社会和技术挑战，将迫使我们的经济进行大规模转型。

10 Many Native Americans perceive their communities as places for maintaining dual citizenship; they see themselves as citizens of their tribal nations as well as citizens of the United States.

许多印第安人认为他们的社区是保持双重国籍的地方;他们认为自己既是美国公民，也是自己部落国家的公民。

1 Across the country, talk of whether home values will continue soaring or begin to level off  is starting to drown out every other topic.

在全国范围内，关于房屋价值是否会继续飙升或开始趋于稳定的讨论已经开始盖过其他话题。

2 It is important that people who have dull jobs find outside interests to keep boredom at bay , rather than turn to drinking or smoking.

重要的是，从事枯燥工作的人应该找些业余爱好来打发无聊，而不是喝酒或抽烟。

3 The project aims to find out why women, who account for nearly half of the US labor force, represent only 11 percent of all engineers.

该项目旨在找出为什么占美国劳动力近一半的女性只占所有工程师的11%。

4 All these facts point to the need for better understanding of urban ecosystems, and for improvement of the theory to explain and predict their dynamics.

所有这些事实都表明，需要更好地理解城市生态系统，需要改进理论来解释和预测它们的动态。

5 Many factories and other places of production in rural areas are unable to pay people for their work because they are starved of funds.

农村地区的许多工厂和其他生产场所由于缺乏资金而无法支付工人的工资。

6 Ryan’s dream was to become a professional football player, which set him on a collision course with his father who wanted him to be a lawyer or an engineer.

瑞恩的梦想是成为一名职业足球运动员，这与他父亲的梦想发生了冲突，他父亲希望他成为一名律师或工程师。

7 Having a lot of material available from anonymous sources is a recipe for information chaos, and chaos is usually neither productive nor healthy.

从匿名来源获取大量资料会导致信息混乱，而混乱通常既不高效也不健康。

8 For more than a millennium, generations of Chinese who Jive near the sea have worshipped the goddess Mazu, a woman with magical powers who rescued sailors from disaster.

一千多年来，在海边跳舞的几代中国人一直崇拜妈祖，妈祖是一个拥有神奇力量的女人从灾难中救出水手。

1.After waking up from a long dream about an evil man that stalked him in darkness, Jonathan found himself lying on a bench in the park.

乔纳森做了很久的梦，梦见一个邪恶的人在黑暗中跟踪他，他醒来后发现自己躺在公园的一条长凳上。

2.With the improvement of living conditions throughout the world, there has been an increase in the life expectancy of the human race.

随着世界各地生活条件的改善，人类的预期寿命有所增加。

3.The city’s Real Estate Division will terminate the lease for default if the tenant fails to provide detailed statements of the use of the property.

如果租户不能提供详细的物业使用说明，纽约市房地产部门将终止租约。

4. One hour after the plane crash, the president offered condolences to the families of the victims and promised to improve the safety of the nation’s aviation.

飞机坠毁一小时后，总统向遇难者家属表示哀悼，并承诺提高国家航空安全。

5.London’s museums are presenting several exhibitions chronicling more than 60 years of the city’s fashion industry to reflect its role as a fashion exporter.

伦敦的博物馆正在举办几场展览，记录该市60多年来的时尚产业，以反映其作为时尚出口国的角色。

6.He lost his job as a doctor in 1998, after being sued for malpractice because he once improperly gave prescription drug samples to a patient.

1998年，他失去了医生的工作，因为他曾以不当的方式向一位病人提供处方药样品，从而被控玩忽职守。

7.On this historic street, visitors can tour several homes from centuries past to get a(n) retrospective look at the city’s traditional holiday celebrations.

在这条历史悠久的街道上，游客可以参观几个世纪前的房屋，回顾城市的传统节日庆祝活动。

8.Some customers are calling online for a month-long boycott of the famous soft drink to express their dissatisfaction with its declining quality.

一些消费者在网上呼吁为期一个月的抵制这一著名软饮料，以表达他们对其不断下降的质量的不满。

9.Once a contract is signed, revisions of any part of the product design will incur an added fee for the client.

9.一旦合同签订，对产品设计的任何部分的修改都将给客户带来额外的费用。

10.All his parents’ sisters and brothers have big batches of kids, so he has nine cousins in total, all living here in Rome.

他父母的兄弟姐妹都有一大批孩子，所以他有九个堂兄弟姐妹，都住在罗马。

1. Although it is painful to watch him struggling with the difficulty, it is probably better to stay on the sidelines unless he asks for help.

虽然看着他与困难斗争很痛苦，但除非他寻求帮助，否则你最好袖手旁观。

2. An anonymous letter alert the police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport.

一封匿名信提醒警方机场可能发生恐怖袭击。

3. We had never thought people would be interested in the house, so we were quite surprised that more than a hundred people turned up at the auction.

我们从没想过会有人对这所房子感兴趣，所以当有一百多人参加拍卖时，我们感到很惊讶。

4. Almost two years had passed since the enemy first tried to lay siege to the town, but instead of being taken over, the town seemed as strong as ever.

自从敌人第一次试图围攻这个城镇以来，差不多已经过去两年了，但是这个城镇非但没有被占领，反而显得和以前一样强大。

5. As was shown in the study, when parents showed feelings of despair, their kids followed to and acted in the same way.

正如研究显示的那样，当父母表现出绝望情绪时，他们的孩子也会效仿，并以同样的方式行事。

6. In the face of growing alarm about the abuse of research data, scientists from around the world met to discuss how to supervise their own research.

面对滥用研究数据的日益严重的恐慌，来自世界各地的科学家开会讨论如何监督他们自己的研究。

7. The company planned to build computer models that can track the weather, and then to put out weather warnings on its website.

该公司计划建立能够跟踪天气的计算机模型，然后在其网站上发布天气预警。

8. He was waiting for a good opportunity to get revenge for all the embarrassments that the game inflicted on him last year.

他在等待一个好机会来报复去年比赛给他带来的所有难堪。

l Karen was a young mother working as a clerk at a court in North Carolina. Though she had been trained in criminal justice, she quickly found prisons and courts to be 1)J depressing places to work. When her daughter was born, she had to stay at home and be a full-time mother. At that point, she decided to 2)D figure out what she really wanted to do with her life. She knew that she liked office jobs and didn’t intend to give up her own career development, but she also enjoyed the 3)H flexibility of staying home and raising her daughter. Therefore, it seemed that she just couldn’t find anything that could satisfy these two 4)L seemingly conflicting conditions.

卡伦是一位年轻的母亲，在北卡罗来纳州的一家法院当书记员。尽管她接受过刑事司法方面的训练，但她很快发现监狱和法院是令人沮丧的工作场所。女儿出生后，她不得不待在家里做全职妈妈。就在那时，她决定弄清楚自己真正想要做什么。她知道自己喜欢办公室工作，也不想放弃自己的事业发展，但她也很享受呆在家里抚养女儿的灵活性。因此，她似乎就是找不到任何东西来满足这两个表面上矛盾的条件。

l One day, Karen read in the newspapers that a couple 5)N sued their babysitter for abusing their child. It turned out that the babysitter had a long criminal record.Karen couldn’t 6)G imagine hiring someone to watch her child without doing a thorough investigation about that person’s background. This7) A sparked a brilliant idea. Karen decided to do something to save other parents’ children from 8)E suffering the same fate. And this job didn’t require her to leave her home. The next day she got her hometown paper and looked at the ads placed by parents seeking babysitters. She called them and sent them 9)C leaflets to offer her baby-sitting services. Several of them jumped at it. Her business was born and has continued to grow.

一天，凯伦在报纸上看到一对夫妇控告他们的保姆虐待他们的孩子。原来这个保姆有很长一段犯罪记录。凯伦无法想象在没有对一个人的背景进行彻底调查的情况下雇人照看她的孩子。这激发了一个绝妙的想法。凯伦决定做点什么来拯救其他父母的孩子免受同样的命运。这份工作不需要她离开家。第二天，她拿到家乡的报纸，看到了父母招聘保姆的广告。她打电话给他们，寄传单给他们提供她的保姆服务。有几个人跳了过去。她的生意诞生了，并不断发展壮大。

l That was 15 years ago. Karen was recently named one of the top 10 business women in North Carolina and has even appeared on Oprah’s talk show. Asked about the secret of her success, she emphasized that it was because she was 10)I passionate about what she really wanted to do. In addition, Karen mentioned that patience and persistence were vital to her achievements.

那是15年前的事了。凯伦最近被提名为北卡罗来纳州十大商业女性之一，她甚至还上了奥普拉的脱口秀节目。当被问及她成功的秘诀时，她强调说，那是因为她对自己真正想做的事情充满激情。此外，凯伦提到耐心和坚持对她的成就至关重要。

1 Deaf people set their mobile phones to make (vibrate) them rather than ring when a call or a message comes in.

聋人在打电话或发信息时把手机设置成震动而不是响铃出现的原因。

2 The employees of the organization were(indignant)that the management had planted two spies among them.

这个组织的雇员对管理层在他们中间安插了两个间谍感到愤慨。

 3 The building was equipped with a strict security system which would(activate) an alarm if the door was left open for over 20seconds.

这幢大楼配备了严格的安全系统，如果门开着超过20秒，就会触发警报

4 A voter’s religious (adherence) may be one factor, among others, which influences which party he will support in the election.

选民的宗教信仰可能是影响他在选举中支持哪个政党的因素之一。

5 Research indicates that nurses'(timely) response to call bells communicates respect and caring to patients and positively contributes to patient satisfaction.

研究表明，护士对呼铃的(及时)响应表达了对患者的尊重和关心，积极提高了患者的满意度

 6 He and his colleagues were warmrywo at the annual meeting as celebrated (patrons)of the charity fund, which made them a little uneasy.

作为慈善基金的赞助人，他和他的同事们在年度会议上表现得很热情，这让他们有些不安。

7 The labor unions throughout the city were(tentatively)conducting negotiations with employers in the hope of reaching acompromise.

全市的工会(试探性地)与雇主进行谈判，希望达成妥协。

 8 A soap opera is a(n) (serial)drama about the daily lives and problems of a group of people and is shown over a period of time

肥皂剧是指一段时间内连续上演的关于人们日常生活和一群人遇到的问题的电视剧。serial一连串（系列）的；

.9 The report (denounces) the federal plans for the $600 million dam, saying that the government sacrifices the environment for corporate profits.

该报告谴责了耗资6亿美元修建大坝的联邦计划，说政府为了企业的利益牺牲了环境。

 10 Technological progress could serve as a forceful (impetus) for doctors to use electronic health records.

技术进步可以成为医生使用电子健康记录的有力因素。Impetus:动力，驱动力

1Economic depression in the country adds another barrier to the health-care system which (is swamped with)overwhelming costs.

这个国家的经济萧条给医疗保健系统增加了另一个障碍，该系统已经不堪重负，花费巨大。

2 If there is no obvious social rule for behavior in a certain setting, a person may just act(in adherence to) his personal standards.

如果在一个特定的环境中没有明显的社会行为准则，一个人可能只是按照他的个人标准行事。

3 He rejected our plan to continue to work on the project. What he said,(in essence), was that we had been simply wasting our time and money.

他拒绝了我们继续做这个项目的计划。(本质上)他说的是，我们只是在浪费时间和金钱。

 4 The problem with climbing the Eiffel Tower to (marvel at)Paris is that you will  miss a magnificent view of the tower itself.

爬上埃菲尔铁塔去惊叹巴黎的问题是，你会错过铁塔本身的壮丽景色

marvel at： 对……惊奇

5Grace wasn’t prepared to commit to a major she didn’t(feel strongly about),and it wasn’t until her junior year that she made a decision.

格蕾丝还没有准备好去选择一个她并不喜欢的专业，直到大三她才做出了决定。

6Berlin Tempelhof Airport, one of the oldest airports in Europe,(was dubbed)by architect Norman Foster (as)“the mother of all airports”.

柏林滕珀尔霍夫机场，欧洲最古老的机场之一，被建筑师诺曼·福斯特称为“所有机场之母”。

7When I entered the building, they were busy (tacking)big signs (up) on walls to prepare for the arrival of crowds of visitors next week.

我走进大楼时，他们正忙着在墙上钉大招牌，为下周大批游客的到来做准备。

8His new novel is acclaimed by critics as a masterpiece in which history really(comes to life) and every character is vividly portrayed.

他的新小说被评论家称赞为一部杰作，书中历史真实(活起来)，每个人物都刻画得栩栩如生。