Python3之No module named ‘encodings‘问题(二十)

1.报错：

Fatal Python error: init_fs_encoding: failed to get the Python codec of the filesystem encoding
Python runtime state: core initialized
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘encodings‘

  python2.x是没有encodings模块的。

  python3.x才开始引入该模块。

  奇怪的是我使用python3运行的程序，但是还是找不到’encodings‘模块！

2.查看当前python库中是否有encodings模块

<1>.查看当前python版本:pip

# pip --version
pip 22.0.2 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.10)

  说明pip默认是python3.10,并且所有的python库在/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip路径。

# cd /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip
# cat /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py
import codecs
import locale
import re
import sys
from typing import List, Tuple

BOMS: List[Tuple[bytes, str]] = [
    (codecs.BOM_UTF8, "utf-8"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF16, "utf-16"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, "utf-16-be"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE, "utf-16-le"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF32, "utf-32"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, "utf-32-be"),
    (codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE, "utf-32-le"),
]

ENCODING_RE = re.compile(br"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)")


def auto_decode(data: bytes) -> str:
    """Check a bytes string for a BOM to correctly detect the encoding

    Fallback to locale.getpreferredencoding(False) like open() on Python3"""
    for bom, encoding in BOMS:
        if data.startswith(bom):
            return data[len(bom) :].decode(encoding)
    # Lets check the first two lines as in PEP263
    for line in data.split(b"\n")[:2]:
        if line[0:1] == b"#" and ENCODING_RE.search(line):
            result = ENCODING_RE.search(line)
            assert result is not None
            encoding = result.groups()[0].decode("ascii")
            return data.decode(encoding)
    return data.decode(
        locale.getpreferredencoding(False) or sys.getdefaultencoding(),
    )

  在/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py目录下找到encodings模块。说明没问题，是有encodings模块的。

<2>.查看当前python3版本:pip3

# pip3 --version
pip 22.0.4 from /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

         也是有/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/utils/encoding.py的，说明没问题，是有encodings模块的。

  说明pip和pip3默认软链接的都是python3.x版本。

2.写个示例验证下

 <1>.引用encoding模块

import encodings
import os
# 定义一个字符串
string = "Hello, 你好！"

# 将字符串编码为 UTF-8
encoded_string = string.encode("utf-8")

# 将编码后的字符串解码为utf-8
decoded_string = encoded_string.decode("utf-8")

# 打印结果
print("编码后：" + str(encoded_string))
print("解码后：" + decoded_string)

  依然没有问题，正常打印。

<2>.打印所有环境变量

import encodings
import os


# 遍历所有环境变量并打印
for key, value in os.environ.items():
    print(key + ': ' + value)

  依然没问题，到此一切都正常，但是报错依然在。就先到这，先挂起吧！