前言：
验证码是大多数爬虫都需要克服的难题。pyppteer是目前市场主流的自动化工具之一，它的优势在于不易被浏览器检测到，ddddocr也是目前主流的验证码识别的第三方模块。接下来就通过python自动化工具和ddddocr等第三方模块完成极验滑块。
一：使用自动化工具打开网站
目标网站：行为验证4.0-适应型验证码-滑动验证,点选验证,图片验证-极验GeeTest
# 浏览器 启动参数
start_parm = {
# 关闭无头浏览器
"headless": False,
"args": [
'--disable-infobars', # 关闭自动化提示框
'--no-sandbox', # 关闭沙盒模式
'--start-maximized', # 窗口最大化模式
],
}
browser = await launch(**start_parm)
page = await browser.newPage()
# 设置网页 视图大小
await page.setViewport(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
await page.goto('https://www.geetest.com/adaptive-captcha-demo')二：控制鼠标定位到指定元素
await page.waitForXPath('//div[@class="type-config"]') # 等待元素加载
botton1 = await page.xpath('//div[@class="tab-item tab-item-1"]') # 滑块拼图验证按钮
await botton1[0].click()
await page.click('#captcha', options={
'button': 'left',
'clickCount': 2,
'delay': 300, # 延迟点击(ms)
})
botton2 = await page.xpath('//*[@aria-label="点击按钮开始验证"]') # 开始验证按钮
await botton2[0].click()三：提取滑块拼图照片url
elements_1 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/@style') # 滑块图片链接
elements_2 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[1]/div[2]/@style') # 背景图片链接
for element in elements_1:
sc = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
sc_url = sc.split('"')[1].split('"')[0] # 提取滑块图片链接
with open('slice.png', 'wb')as f1:
f1.write(requests.get(sc_url).content)
for element in elements_2:
bg = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
bg_url = bg.split('"')[1].split('"')[0] # 提取背景图片链接
with open('bg.png', 'wb') as f2:
f2.write(requests.get(bg_url).content)四：获取拼图坐标偏移量
async def get_xy():
det = ddddocr.DdddOcr(det=False, ocr=False)
with open('slice.png', 'rb') as f:
target_bytes = f.read()
with open('bg.png', 'rb') as f:
background_bytes = f.read()
try:
res = det.slide_match(target_bytes, background_bytes)
print(res)
return res.get('target')[0]
except:
return False五：操作鼠标移动滑块
其中x，y需要根据自己电脑进行微调。
if target:
# print(target)
botton3 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[3]')
await botton3[0].hover() # 鼠标悬停元素上
await page.mouse.down() # 鼠标落下
await page.waitFor(500)
x = 1116 + target
y = 641
await page.mouse.move(x, y, {'steps': 2}) # 鼠标移动
await page.waitFor(500)
await page.mouse.up() # 鼠标松开
time.sleep(2)
elements_3 = await page.xpath('//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/text()')
msg = ''
for element in elements_3:
msg = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
if msg == '验证通过':
break
else:
print(msg)
else: # 获取坐标失败时刷新验证
botton4 = await page.xpath('//*[@aria-label="刷新验证"]')
await botton4[0].click()
验证通过，欧耶~
六：完整代码
# coding:utf-8
import ddddocr
# coding:utf-8
import asyncio
import time
import requests
from pyppeteer.launcher import DEFAULT_ARGS
DEFAULT_ARGS.remove("--enable-automation")
from pyppeteer import launch
async def main():
# 浏览器 启动参数
start_parm = {
# 关闭无头浏览器
"headless": False,
"args": [
'--disable-infobars', # 关闭自动化提示框
'--no-sandbox', # 关闭沙盒模式
'--start-maximized', # 窗口最大化模式
],
}
browser = await launch(**start_parm)
page = await browser.newPage()
# 设置网页 视图大小
await page.setViewport(viewport={'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
await page.goto('https://www.geetest.com/adaptive-captcha-demo')
time.sleep(2)
await page.waitForXPath('//div[@class="type-config"]') # 等待元素加载
botton1 = await page.xpath('//div[@class="tab-item tab-item-1"]') # 滑块拼图验证按钮
await botton1[0].click()
await page.click('#captcha', options={
'button': 'left',
'clickCount': 2,
'delay': 300, # 延迟点击(ms)
})
botton2 = await page.xpath('//*[@aria-label="点击按钮开始验证"]') # 开始验证按钮
await botton2[0].click()
while True:
time.sleep(5)
elements_1 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/@style') # 滑块图片链接
elements_2 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[1]/div[2]/@style') # 背景图片链接
for element in elements_1:
sc = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
sc_url = sc.split('"')[1].split('"')[0] # 提取滑块图片链接
with open('slice.png', 'wb')as f1:
f1.write(requests.get(sc_url).content)
for element in elements_2:
bg = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
bg_url = bg.split('"')[1].split('"')[0] # 提取背景图片链接
with open('bg.png', 'wb') as f2:
f2.write(requests.get(bg_url).content)
target = await get_xy() # 得到滑块x坐标偏移量
if target:
# print(target)
botton3 = await page.xpath(
'//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[4]/div[1]/div[2]/div/div/div[2]/div/div[3]')
await botton3[0].hover() # 鼠标悬停元素上
await page.mouse.down() # 鼠标落下
await page.waitFor(500)
x = 1116 + target
y = 641
await page.mouse.move(x, y, {'steps': 2}) # 鼠标移动
await page.waitFor(500)
await page.mouse.up() # 鼠标松开
time.sleep(2)
elements_3 = await page.xpath('//*[@id="captcha"]/div[2]/div[1]/div[3]/div[2]/div/div[2]/text()')
msg = ''
for element in elements_3:
msg = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)
if msg == '验证通过':
break
else:
print(msg)
else: # 获取坐标失败时刷新验证
botton4 = await page.xpath('//*[@aria-label="刷新验证"]')
await botton4[0].click()
input('---验证通过---')
await browser.close()
async def get_xy():
det = ddddocr.DdddOcr(det=False, ocr=False)
with open('slice.png', 'rb') as f:
target_bytes = f.read()
with open('bg.png', 'rb') as f:
background_bytes = f.read()
try:
res = det.slide_match(target_bytes, background_bytes)
print(res)
return res.get('target')[0]
except:
return False
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
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