本篇记录通过GO语言操作mongodb,实现的流程包括:
- 初始化项目工程
- 容器方式安装mongo
- 调试运行和编译运行
go使用mongo的代码如下,go操作mongo的SDK是mongo-driver,一个第三方模块。本篇主要就是将其运行起来。
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"log"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
)
type Student struct {
Name string
Age int
}
func main() {
// 设置客户端连接配置
clientOptions := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017")
// 连接到MongoDB
client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), clientOptions)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 检查连接
err = client.Ping(context.TODO(), nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("Connected to MongoDB!")
collection := client.Database("q1mi").Collection("student")
s1 := Student{"小红", 12}
s2 := Student{"小兰", 10}
s3 := Student{"小黄", 11}
insertResult, err := collection.InsertOne(context.TODO(), s1)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("Inserted a single document: ", insertResult.InsertedID)
students := []interface{}{s2, s3}
insertManyResult, err := collection.InsertMany(context.TODO(), students)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("Inserted multiple documents: ", insertManyResult.InsertedIDs)
filter := bson.D{{"name", "小兰"}}
// 创建一个Student变量用来接收查询的结果
var result Student
err = collection.FindOne(context.TODO(), filter).Decode(&result)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf("Found a single document: %+v\n", result)
}
1.创建GO项目工程
go之前对第三方包的管理不上心,其他语言比如python有pip,nodejs有npm,而go却没有一个官方的管理工具。
在go 1.11之前,开发者需要要关注GOPATH环境变量,这对于开发者来说不友好。
经过几次变更后,go于1.12版本开始正式使用go Module,go终于有了一个官方的处理方式,开发者也可以抛弃GOPATH了。
go的包管理包括:
- 创建一个目录做工程目录
- 初始化工程目录
- 设置包下载代理
- 安装依赖包
1.1初始化开发工程
➜ go mkdir mongo
➜ go cd mongo
使用mod命令初始化
go mod init 文件名
➜ go mod init mongo
go: creating new go.mod: module mongo
➜ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 ljk staff 96 2 2 22:02 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 ljk staff 160 2 2 22:02 ..
-rw-r–r– 1 ljk staff 22 2 2 22:02 go.mod
初始化成功之后当前目录下会新建一个go.mod文件,用于记录安装的模块和包
➜ mongo cat go.mod
module mongogo 1.18
设置包下载代理
go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct
1.2安装mongo
下载 mongodb 镜像
➜ mod docker pull mongo:latest
latest: Pulling from library/mongo
70cf24b16239: Pull complete
197e79a59399: Pull complete
1a54d1916136: Pull complete
8547f0e899b2: Pull complete
315a8963db2b: Pull complete
0fce25e2f34f: Pull complete
1ce995f0f803: Pull complete
e3bfd9b7202d: Pull complete
07bd59396de7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3fe527dcddf277d4d5b278f5f03ddea5173cee84c792d12c5ac90c36ba40ba7a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mongo:latest
docker.io/library/mongo:latest
➜ mod docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mongo latest b2fa76e584f6 20 hours ago 618MB
redis 5.0.4 b61ab367aee1 3 years ago 90MB
运行 mongodb 容器
➜ mod docker run -itd --name mongo -p 27017:27017 mongo --auth
f3116f4e2ed1d81e7707ee42b67c01fdcd648461e1e7cd35ad0815dae2c1af5f
➜ mod
➜ mod
➜ mod docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f3116f4e2ed1 mongo "docker-entrypoint.s…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp mongo
登录 mongodb 容器并设置库权限
➜ mod docker exec -it mongo mongosh admin
Current Mongosh Log ID: 63dbcaa4fb21cc3d13dcfde2
Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/admin?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.6.2
Using MongoDB: 6.0.4
Using Mongosh: 1.6.2
For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/
To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy).
You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command.
admin> db.createUser({ user:'admin',pwd:'123456',roles:[ { role:'userAdminAnyDatabase', db: 'admin'},"readWriteAnyDatabase"]});
{ ok: 1 }
admin> db.auth('admin', '123456')
{ ok: 1 }
admin>
1.3调试运行
go run 可以直接下载依赖的模块,然后运行模块。
➜ mongo go run mongo_dev.go
go: downloading go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: downloading github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d
go: downloading github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
go: downloading github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1
go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6
go: downloading github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d
go: downloading golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.7
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0
Connected to MongoDB!
Inserted a single document: ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca1")
Inserted multiple documents: [ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca2") ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca3")]
Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}
1.4编译运行
如果想通过编译的方法运行程序而不是调试方法,可以通过一下三步:
- go mod tidy 自动更新需要的依赖文件
- go mod download 根据go.mod下载模块
- go build mongo_dev.go 编译go
- 执行go程序
➜ mongo_three go mod tidy
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: downloading github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2
go: downloading github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
go: downloading github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0
go: downloading github.com/kr/text v0.1.0
go: downloading github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
go: downloading github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
go: downloading golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543
更新依赖文件之后,go.mod 文件中就记载了下载的模块信息,包括路径和版本信息
➜ mongo cat go.mod
module mongo
go 1.18
require (
github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1 // indirect
github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6 // indirect
github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe // indirect
github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0 // indirect
github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1 // indirect
github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3 // indirect
github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d // indirect
go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 // indirect
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d // indirect
golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c // indirect
golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
)
下载依赖的模块
➜ mongo go mod download
模块真正的文件放在gopath路径下的pkg路径下
~ go env
.
.
GOPATH="/Users/ljk/Documents/go"
➜ mod pwd
/Users/ljk/Documents/go/pkg/mod
➜ mod ls
cache github.com go.mongodb.org golang.org
编译程序
➜ mongo go build mongo_dev.go
➜ mongo ls
go.mod go.sum mongo_dev mongo_dev.go
执行可执行文件。
➜ mongo ./mongo_dev
Connected to MongoDB!
Inserted a single document: ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229a")
Inserted multiple documents: [ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229b") ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229c")]
Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}
可以看到程序连接到mongodb,并且写入了三条数据,查询了一次。
2.go 模块管理相关命令
go mod 相关命令
- go mod download 下载依赖的module到本地cache(默认为$GOPATH/pkg/mod目录)
- go mod edit 编辑go.mod文件
- go mod graph 打印模块依赖图
- go mod init 初始化当前文件夹, 创建go.mod文件
- go mod tidy 增加缺少的module,删除无用的module
- go mod vendor 将依赖复制到vendor下
- go mod verify 校验依赖
- go mod why 解释为什么需要依赖
在go mod模块管理机制出现之前使用get和install命令管理模块。
go get
是下载插件 和 go install
下载插件并编译程序。这些是1.12版本之前的模块管理方法,已经弃用
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