如有错误,恳请指出。
在本地上,可以安装一些软件,比如:Meshlab,CloudCompare等3D查看工具来对点云进行可视化。而这篇博客是将介绍一些代码工具将KITTI数据集进行可视化操作,包括点云鸟瞰图,FOV图,以及标注信息在图像+点云上的显示。
1. 数据集准备
KITTI数据集作为自动驾驶领域的经典数据集之一,比较适合我这样的新手入门。以下资料是为了实现对KITTI数据集的可视化操作。首先在官网下载对应的数据:http://www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti/eval_object.php?obj_benchmark=3d,下载后数据的目录文件结构如下所示:
├── dataset
│ ├── KITTI
│ │ ├── object
│ │ │ ├──KITTI
│ │ │ ├──ImageSets
│ │ │ ├──training
│ │ │ ├──calib & velodyne & label_2 & image_2
2. 环境准备
这里使用了一个kitti数据集可视化的开源代码:https://github.com/kuixu/kitti_object_vis,按照以下操作新建一个虚拟环境,并安装所需的工具包。其中千万不要安装python3.7以上的版本,因为vtk不支持。
# 新建python=3.7的虚拟环境
conda create -n kitti_vis python=3.7 # vtk does not support python 3.8
conda activate kitti_vis
# 安装opencv, pillow, scipy, matplotlib工具包
pip install opencv-python pillow scipy matplotlib
# 安装3D可视化工具包(以下指令会自动安转所需的vtk与pyqt5)
conda install mayavi -c conda-forge
# 测试
python kitti_object.py --show_lidar_with_depth --img_fov --const_box --vis
3. KITTI数据集可视化
下面依次展示 KITTI 数据集可视化结果,这里通过设置 data_idx=10 来展示编号为000010的数据,代码中dataset需要修改为数据集实际路径。(最后会贴上完整代码)
def visualization():
import mayavi.mlab as mlab
dataset = kitti_object(os.path.join(ROOT_DIR, '../dataset/KITTI/object'))
# determine data_idx
data_idx = 100
# Load data from dataset
objects = dataset.get_label_objects(data_idx)
print("There are %d objects.", len(objects))
img = dataset.get_image(data_idx)
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
img_height, img_width, img_channel = img.shape
pc_velo = dataset.get_lidar(data_idx)[:,0:3]
calib = dataset.get_calibration(data_idx)
代码来源于参考资料,在后面会贴上我自己修改的测试代码。以下包含9种可视化的操作:
- 1. 图像显示
def show_image(self):
Image.fromarray(self.img).show()
cv2.waitKey(0)
结果展示:
- 2. 图片上绘制2D bbox
def show_image_with_2d_boxes(self):
show_image_with_boxes(self.img, self.objects, self.calib, show3d=False)
cv2.waitKey(0)
结果展示:
- 3. 图片上绘制3D bbox
def show_image_with_3d_boxes(self):
show_image_with_boxes(self.img, self.objects, self.calib, show3d=True)
cv2.waitKey(0)
结果展示:
- 4. 图片上绘制Lidar投影
def show_image_with_lidar(self):
show_lidar_on_image(self.pc_velo, self.img, self.calib, self.img_width, self.img_height)
mlab.show()
结果展示:
- 5. Lidar绘制3D bbox
def show_lidar_with_3d_boxes(self):
show_lidar_with_boxes(self.pc_velo, self.objects, self.calib, True, self.img_width, self.img_height)
mlab.show()
结果展示:
- 6. Lidar绘制FOV图
def show_lidar_with_fov(self):
imgfov_pc_velo, pts_2d, fov_inds = get_lidar_in_image_fov(self.pc_velo, self.calib,
0, 0, self.img_width, self.img_height, True)
draw_lidar(imgfov_pc_velo)
mlab.show()
结果展示:
- 7. Lidar绘制3D图
def show_lidar_with_3dview(self):
draw_lidar(self.pc_velo)
mlab.show()
结果展示:
- 8. Lidar绘制BEV图
BEV图的显示与其他视图不一样,这里的代码需要有点改动,因为这里需要lidar点云的其他维度信息,所以输入不仅仅是xyz三个维度。改动代码:
# 初始
pc_velo = dataset.get_lidar(data_idx)[:, 0:3]
# 改为(要增加其他维度才可以查看BEV视图)
pc_velo = dataset.get_lidar(data_idx)[:, 0:4]
测试代码:
def show_lidar_with_bev(self):
from kitti_util import draw_top_image, lidar_to_top
top_view = lidar_to_top(self.pc_velo)
top_image = draw_top_image(top_view)
cv2.imshow("top_image", top_image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
结果展示:
- 9. Lidar绘制BEV图+2D bbox
同样,这里的代码改动与3.8节一样,需要点云的其他维度信息
def show_lidar_with_bev_2d_bbox(self):
show_lidar_topview_with_boxes(self.pc_velo, self.objects, self.calib)
mlab.show()
结果展示:
- 完整测试代码
参考代码:
import mayavi.mlab as mlab
from kitti_object import kitti_object, show_image_with_boxes, show_lidar_on_image, \
show_lidar_with_boxes, show_lidar_topview_with_boxes, get_lidar_in_image_fov, \
show_lidar_with_depth
from viz_util import draw_lidar
import cv2
from PIL import Image
import time
class visualization:
# data_idx: determine data_idx
def __init__(self, root_dir=r'E:\Study\Machine Learning\Dataset3d\kitti', data_idx=100):
dataset = kitti_object(root_dir=root_dir)
# Load data from dataset
objects = dataset.get_label_objects(data_idx)
print("There are {} objects.".format(len(objects)))
img = dataset.get_image(data_idx)
img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
img_height, img_width, img_channel = img.shape
pc_velo = dataset.get_lidar(data_idx)[:, 0:3] # 显示bev视图需要改动为[:, 0:4]
calib = dataset.get_calibration(data_idx)
# init the params
self.objects = objects
self.img = img
self.img_height = img_height
self.img_width = img_width
self.img_channel = img_channel
self.pc_velo = pc_velo
self.calib = calib
# 1. 图像显示
def show_image(self):
Image.fromarray(self.img).show()
cv2.waitKey(0)
# 2. 图片上绘制2D bbox
def show_image_with_2d_boxes(self):
show_image_with_boxes(self.img, self.objects, self.calib, show3d=False)
cv2.waitKey(0)
# 3. 图片上绘制3D bbox
def show_image_with_3d_boxes(self):
show_image_with_boxes(self.img, self.objects, self.calib, show3d=True)
cv2.waitKey(0)
# 4. 图片上绘制Lidar投影
def show_image_with_lidar(self):
show_lidar_on_image(self.pc_velo, self.img, self.calib, self.img_width, self.img_height)
mlab.show()
# 5. Lidar绘制3D bbox
def show_lidar_with_3d_boxes(self):
show_lidar_with_boxes(self.pc_velo, self.objects, self.calib, True, self.img_width, self.img_height)
mlab.show()
# 6. Lidar绘制FOV图
def show_lidar_with_fov(self):
imgfov_pc_velo, pts_2d, fov_inds = get_lidar_in_image_fov(self.pc_velo, self.calib,
0, 0, self.img_width, self.img_height, True)
draw_lidar(imgfov_pc_velo)
mlab.show()
# 7. Lidar绘制3D图
def show_lidar_with_3dview(self):
draw_lidar(self.pc_velo)
mlab.show()
# 8. Lidar绘制BEV图
def show_lidar_with_bev(self):
from kitti_util import draw_top_image, lidar_to_top
top_view = lidar_to_top(self.pc_velo)
top_image = draw_top_image(top_view)
cv2.imshow("top_image", top_image)
cv2.waitKey(0)
# 9. Lidar绘制BEV图+2D bbox
def show_lidar_with_bev_2d_bbox(self):
show_lidar_topview_with_boxes(self.pc_velo, self.objects, self.calib)
mlab.show()
if __name__ == '__main__':
kitti_vis = visualization()
# kitti_vis.show_image()
# kitti_vis.show_image_with_2d_boxes()
# kitti_vis.show_image_with_3d_boxes()
# kitti_vis.show_image_with_lidar()
# kitti_vis.show_lidar_with_3d_boxes()
# kitti_vis.show_lidar_with_fov()
# kitti_vis.show_lidar_with_3dview()
# kitti_vis.show_lidar_with_bev()
kitti_vis.show_lidar_with_bev_2d_bbox()
# print('...')
# cv2.waitKey(0)
此外,下面再提供两份可视化代码。
4. 点云可视化
这里的同样使用的是上述的图例,且直接输入的KITTI数据集的.bin文件,即可显示点云图像。
- 参考代码:
import numpy as np
import mayavi.mlab
import os
# 000010.bin这里需要填写文件的位置
# bin_file = '../data/object/training/velodyne/000000.bin'
# assert os.path.exists(bin_file), "{} is not exists".format(bin_file)
kitti_file = r'E:\Study\Machine Learning\Dataset3d\kitti\training\velodyne\000100.bin'
pointcloud = np.fromfile(file=kitti_file, dtype=np.float32, count=-1).reshape([-1, 4])
# pointcloud = np.fromfile(str("000010.bin"), dtype=np.float32, count=-1).reshape([-1, 4])
print(pointcloud.shape)
x = pointcloud[:, 0] # x position of point
y = pointcloud[:, 1] # y position of point
z = pointcloud[:, 2] # z position of point
r = pointcloud[:, 3] # reflectance value of point
d = np.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2) # Map Distance from sensor
vals = 'height'
if vals == "height":
col = z
else:
col = d
fig = mayavi.mlab.figure(bgcolor=(0, 0, 0), size=(640, 500))
mayavi.mlab.points3d(x, y, z,
col, # Values used for Color
mode="point",
colormap='spectral', # 'bone', 'copper', 'gnuplot'
# color=(0, 1, 0), # Used a fixed (r,g,b) instead
figure=fig,
)
x = np.linspace(5, 5, 50)
y = np.linspace(0, 0, 50)
z = np.linspace(0, 5, 50)
mayavi.mlab.plot3d(x, y, z)
mayavi.mlab.show()
- 输出结果:
ps:这里的输出点云结果相比上面的点云输出结果更加的完善,而且参考的中心坐标点也不一样。
5. 鸟瞰图可视化
代码中的鸟瞰图范围可以自行设置。同样,输入的也只需要是.bin文件即可展示其鸟瞰图。
- 参考代码:
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 点云读取:000010.bin这里需要填写文件的位置
kitti_file = r'E:\Study\Machine Learning\Dataset3d\kitti\training\velodyne\000100.bin'
pointcloud = np.fromfile(file=kitti_file, dtype=np.float32, count=-1).reshape([-1, 4])
# 设置鸟瞰图范围
side_range = (-40, 40) # 左右距离
# fwd_range = (0, 70.4) # 后前距离
fwd_range = (-70.4, 70.4)
x_points = pointcloud[:, 0]
y_points = pointcloud[:, 1]
z_points = pointcloud[:, 2]
# 获得区域内的点
f_filt = np.logical_and(x_points > fwd_range[0], x_points < fwd_range[1])
s_filt = np.logical_and(y_points > side_range[0], y_points < side_range[1])
filter = np.logical_and(f_filt, s_filt)
indices = np.argwhere(filter).flatten()
x_points = x_points[indices]
y_points = y_points[indices]
z_points = z_points[indices]
res = 0.1 # 分辨率0.05m
x_img = (-y_points / res).astype(np.int32)
y_img = (-x_points / res).astype(np.int32)
# 调整坐标原点
x_img -= int(np.floor(side_range[0]) / res)
y_img += int(np.floor(fwd_range[1]) / res)
print(x_img.min(), x_img.max(), y_img.min(), x_img.max())
# 填充像素值
height_range = (-2, 0.5)
pixel_value = np.clip(a=z_points, a_max=height_range[1], a_min=height_range[0])
def scale_to_255(a, min, max, dtype=np.uint8):
return ((a - min) / float(max - min) * 255).astype(dtype)
pixel_value = scale_to_255(pixel_value, height_range[0], height_range[1])
# 创建图像数组
x_max = 1 + int((side_range[1] - side_range[0]) / res)
y_max = 1 + int((fwd_range[1] - fwd_range[0]) / res)
im = np.zeros([y_max, x_max], dtype=np.uint8)
im[y_img, x_img] = pixel_value
# imshow (灰度)
im2 = Image.fromarray(im)
im2.show()
# imshow (彩色)
# plt.imshow(im, cmap="nipy_spectral", vmin=0, vmax=255)
# plt.show()
- 结果展示:
后续的工作会加深对点云数据的理解,整个可视化项目的工程见:KITTI数据集的可视化项目,有需要的朋友可以自行下载。
参考资料:
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